Analysis of three effective components in <i>Fructus corni</i> and its preparations by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography

The present study was conducted to examine whether morroniside has an ameliorative effect on diabetes-induced alterations such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the liver of type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Morroniside (20 or 100 mg/kg body weight/d, per os ( p.o.)) was administered every day for 8 weeks to db/db mice, and its effect was compared with vehicle-treated db/db and m/m mice. The administration of morroniside decreased the elevated serum glucose concentration in db/db mice, and reduced the increased oxidative biomarkers including the generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation in the liver. The db/db mice exhibited the up-regulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunits, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1, nuclear factor-kappa B, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 levels in the liver; however, morroniside treatment significantly reduced those expressions. Moreover, the augmented expressions of apoptosis-related proteins, Bax and cytochrome c, were down-regulated by morroniside administration. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the increased hepatocellular damage in the liver of db/db mice improved on morroniside administration. Taking these into consideration, our findings support the therapeutic evidence for morroniside ameliorating the development of diabetic hepatic complications via regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Morroniside, Iridoid Glycoside from Corni Fructus, on Diabetes-Induced Alterations such as Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in the Liver of Type 2 Diabetic db/db Mice

Park

Noh

Kim

et al. 2011

“…18) In Fructus corni officinalis, the main active components are morroniside, loganin, and gallic acid. 19) In Fructus lycii, it is Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharide. 20) For Cuscuta chinensis LAM, the component is believed to be flavones glycoside, 21) and for Eucommia ulmoides, the components consist of acidic polysaccharide metal salt and glucosidic metal salt.…”

Section: Materials and Preparation Of Ygw Decoctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

You Gui Wan Can Reverse Atrophic Effect of Ovariectomy on Rat Vaginal Fold and Blood Vessels in the Lamina Propria

Wang

Yin

et al. 2011

The aim of this study is to investigate whether or not You Gui Wan (YGW), a classical herbal formula in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), has an impact on rat uterine and vaginal atrophic processes induced by ovariectomy (OVX). Thirty-four OVX Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three sets, and orally administrated with YGW decoction, saline or estrogen for 11 weeks, respectively. Histomorphological changes of the uterus and vagina, and serum estradiol levels were then compared. Results showed that OVX caused a dramatic atrophy of the uterus and vagina in the rats. Estrogen replacement reversed the effect of OVX, but with a side effect of endometrial hyperplasia. YGW had no significant effect on blood estradiol concentration or uterine histology, but it significantly overturned the atrophic processes of the vaginal fold and blood vessels in the lamina propria. In order to initially explore the mechanisms underlying these effects, immunostaining of estrogen receptor (ER)-a a and -b b in the vagina was performed. It was shown that OVX reduced expressions of ER while YGW and estrogen replacement reversed this reduction. Our findings suggest that YGW can reverse the atrophic effect of OVX on rat vaginal plica and blood vessels in the lamina propria with little adverse effect on endometrial hyperplasia. This indicates the herbal formula as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy in the management of menopausal vaginal atrophy. Recovery of ER expressions in the vagina might be one of mechanisms underlying the effects of YGW.

“…The components are total iridoid glycosides such as morroniside and loganin and also a few polyphenols such as cornusiin A, B, and C, monomeric and trimeric hydrolysable tannins, and so on. 5,6) Among them, the total iridoid glycosides are well-known as the main active constituents of Corni Fructus. The total iridoid glycosides of Corni Fructus containing loganin and morroniside inhibit oxidative stress 7) and prevent the renal overdeposition of fibronectin and laminin in an experimental diabetic rat model.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effects of Morroniside Isolated from Corni Fructus against Renal Damage in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Yokozawa

Yamabe

Kim

et al. 2008

Corni Fructus (Cornus officinalis SIEB. et ZUCC.), a traditional medicine, is considered one of the 25 plant-based drugs most frequently used in China, Japan, and Korea. Recent studies have reported that Corni Fructus has a plasma glucose-lowering action in normal rats, along with anti neoplastic and anti-microbial effects.1-3) Moreover, Vareed et al. 4) reported that Corni Fructus has been used for improving liver and kidney functions. The components are total iridoid glycosides such as morroniside and loganin and also a few polyphenols such as cornusiin A, B, and C, monomeric and trimeric hydrolysable tannins, and so on. 5,6) Among them, the total iridoid glycosides are well-known as the main active constituents of Corni Fructus. The total iridoid glycosides of Corni Fructus containing loganin and morroniside inhibit oxidative stress 7) and prevent the renal overdeposition of fibronectin and laminin in an experimental diabetic rat model. 8) In particular, morroniside, one of the most abundant iridoid glycosides in Corni Fructus, has been proven effective in preventing diabetic complications such as diabetic angiopathy and the early stages of diabetic nephropathy by regulating renal mesangial cell growth through inhibiting oxidative stress.9,10) In addition, it exhibits a neuroprotective effect by providing cytoprotection against H 2 O 2 -toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. 11)Diabetes mellitus is characterized by excessive glucose production. An abnormally elevated blood glucose level leads to oxidative stress and the formation of advanced glycation endproduct (AGE), which have been closely linked to diabetic complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy.12,13) Especially, diabetics are at increased risk for several types of kidney disease, and the predominant cause of end-stage renal disease in this disorder is diabetic nephropathy.14,15) However, clinical trials suggest that there is no effective treatment for diabetic nephropathy.16) Therefore, prevention of the occurrence and progression of diabetic nephropathy has become a very important issue.Our previous investigations have demonstrated that Hachimi-jio-gan, a Chinese prescription consisting of eight crude drugs, owes it therapeutic potential to ameliorating functional and structural features associated with experimental types 1 and 2 diabetic nephropathy rat models. 17,18) Hachimi-jio-gan showed a preventive effect against kidney damage by reducing renal oxidative injury and the expression of fibronectin and transforming growth factor-b 1 (TGFb 1 ) protein, involved in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy in diabetic rats, and effectively inhibited the progression of chronic renal failure through decreasing uremic toxins, elevating antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and ameliorating histopathological lesions in the kidney. 19,20) In addition, this traditional prescription also alleviated diabetic oxidative stress through the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. 21) Cornus Fructus, one of eight medicina...