Analysis of uptake and allocation of nitrogen and sulphur compounds by trees in the field

Rennenberg, Heinz; Schneider, Stephan; Weber, Paul L.

doi:10.1093/jxb/47.10.1491

Cited by 116 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

109

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…were performed using the depletion technique, based on the removal of nitrate and ammonium from artificial soil-water solutions by root tips as described by Rennenberg et al (1996). The artificial soil-water solution contained similar concentrations of inorganic anions and cations as the natural soil water at the site, which was obtained with gravitation lysimeters from the organic layer and with suction cups from the mineral soil at 20 cm depth (Table 1).…”

Section: Determination Of Nitrate and Ammonium Net Uptake By Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field and laboratory experiments on net uptake of nitrate and ammonium by the roots of spruce (Picea abies) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees

et al. 1998

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During the vegetation periods 1994 and 1995, net uptake of nitrate and ammonium by roots of adult spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees was studied at a field site exposed to high loads of N (' Ho$ glwald ', Germany). In addition, uptake experiments were carried out under controlled conditions with young spruce and beech trees grown at normal N supply.In the field, nitrate was not taken up by the roots of spruce trees in appreciable amounts. This was also true for beech except during September 1995. Apparently, beech trees was capable of taking up nitrate, but the environmental condition prevailing at the field site usually prevented net uptake. Net uptake of ammonium in both tree species showed a seasonal course, with maximum rates in mid summer. Rates of ammonium uptake by both species correlated with soil temperature at the field site.Laboratory experiments on the influence of root temperature on uptake of nitrate indicated that uptake rates at temperatures found in the field were low compared with the uptake capacity at optimum temperature. At temperatures of 10 and 15 mC, frequently found in the soil at the field site, net uptake of nitrate by spruce and beech amounted to c. 16 % and 11 %, respectively, of maximum uptake at 25 mC. By contrast, net uptake of ammonium at 10 mC reached 73 % and 31 % of the maximum uptake for spruce and beech trees, respectively. Independent of temperature, rates of nitrate uptake were considerably lower than those of ammonium. In young spruce and beech trees, net uptake of nitrate was significantly inhibited by ammonium at nitrate : ammonium ratios found in the soil solution at the forest site. Preincubation of roots of both species, with amino acids present in the phloem of adult trees at the field site, led to an increase in the amino acid pool in the roots. For spruce trees a correlation between inhibition of uptake of nitrate and enrichment of the roots with the amino compounds Glu, γ-amino butyric acid (Gaba), Gln, and Asn was observed. In beech trees, enrichment of Asp and Gln in the roots correlated with a decrease in net uptake of nitrate. The results of laboratory experiments on the effects of temperature, the nitrate to ammonium ratio in the nutrient solution, and amino acid enrichment in the roots are discussed with special emphasis on the patterns of net uptake of ammonium and nitrate observed in the field.Key words : Nitrate uptake, ammonium uptake, soil temperature, nitrate to ammonium ratio, amino acids. In forest ecosystems, nitrate and ammonium are the most abundant N compounds available to the roots * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail : here!sun2.ruf.uni-freiburg.de of trees. Total amounts of nitrate and ammonium, and the ratio of nitrate to ammonia depend on quality and quantity of N input and on the balance of ammonification, nitrification, immobilization and denitrification processes in the soil (Haynes & Goh,

show abstract

Section: Determination Of Nitrate and Ammonium Net Uptake By Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field and laboratory experiments on net uptake of nitrate and ammonium by the roots of spruce (Picea abies) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees

et al. 1998

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The dynamic chambers were continuously flushed with a processed gas : pressurized ambient air (2n5i10 −& Pa) was conducted through a charcoalfilter unit combined with a purafil filter (Gasfilter Type 112 according to EN 141 Type ABEK, Draeger, Lu$ beck, Germany) in order to remove reactive trace gases (NO x , NH $ , H # S, SO # , O $ ; Rennenberg et al, 1996). A distinct part of the purified air was guided through a cartridge filled with demineralized water and Raschig rings to humidify the air before a defined amount of a pressurized standard mixture of NH $ or NO # (100 ppm NH $ in N # or 20 ppm NO # in N # ; MesserGriesheim, Germany) was added via a mass-flow controller (Tylan General, Eching, Germany).…”

Section: Gas-exchange Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fluxes of NH $ , NO # , CO # and H # O between enclosed plant parts and the atmosphere were derived from the differences in concentration between the outlet ports of the two chambers and the gas-flow rate through the chambers (De Kok et al, 1989 ;Thoene et al, 1991 ;Rennenberg et al, 1996). Gas fluxes were related to the leaf surface area inside the chamber, measured at the end of the experiments by an area meter (Delta-T Devices, Cambridge, UK).…”

Section: Calculation Of Gas Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

NH₃ and NO₂ fluxes between beech trees and the atmosphere – correlation with climatic and physiological parameters

2000

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The dynamic-chamber technique was used to investigate the correlation between NH $ and NO # fluxes and different climatic and physiological parameters : air temperature ; relative air humidity ; photosynthetic photon fluence rate ; NH $ and NO # concentrations ; transpiration rate ; leaf conductance for water vapour ; and photosynthetic activity. The experiments were performed with twigs from the sun crown of mature beech trees (Fagus sylvatica) at a field site (Ho$ glwald, Germany), and with 12-wk-old beech seedlings under controlled conditions. Both sets of experiments showed that NO # and NH $ fluxes depended linearly on NO # and NH $ concentration, respectively, in the concentration ranges representative for the field site studied, and on watervapour conductance as a measure for stomatal aperture. The NO # compensation point determined in the field studies (the atmospheric NO # concentration with no net NO # flux) was 1n8-1n9 nmol mol −" . The NH $ compensation point varied between 3n3 and 3n5 nmol mol −" in the field experiments, and was 3n0 nmol mol −" in the experiments under controlled conditions. The climatic factors T and PPFR were found to influence both NO # and NH $ fluxes indirectly, by changing stomatal conductance. Whilst NO # flux showed a response to changing relative humidity that could be explained by altered stomatal conductance, increased NH $ flux with increasing relative humidity ( 50 %) depended on other factors. The exchange of NO # between above-ground parts of beech trees and the atmosphere could be explained exclusively by uptake or emission of NO # through the stomata, as indicated by the quotient between measured and predicted NO # conductance of approx. 1 under all environmental conditions examined. Neither internal mesophyll resistances nor additional sinks could be observed for adult trees or for beech seedlings. By contrast, the patterns of NH $ flux could not be explained by an exclusive exchange of NH $ through the stomata. Deposition into additional sinks on the leaf surface, as indicated by an increase in the quotient between measured and predicted NH $ conductance, gained importance in high air humidity, when the stomata were closed or nearly closed and\or when atmospheric NH $ concentrations were high. Although patterns of NH $ gas exchange did not differ between different months or years at high NH $ concentrations (c. 140 nmol mol −" ), it must be assumed that emission or deposition fluxes at low ambient NH $ concentration (0n8 and 4n5 nmol mol −" ) might vary significantly with time because of variation in the NH $ compensation point.

show abstract

“…Whereas nitrates typically predominate in agricultural soils presenting high N turnover, neutral pH and good aeration, ammonium plays an important role in forest soils (Glass and Siddiqi, 1995). As is the case in herbaceous plants (Lee and Drew, 1989), nitrate uptake by roots of most tree species is strongly inhibited when ammonium is available (Gessler et al, 1998;Kreuzwieser et al, 1997;Rennenberg et al, 1996). However, in some species like ash and oak, ammonium has a positive effect on nitrate uptake (Stadler et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of soil nitrogen supply on carbon assimilation by tree stems

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract• Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important resources for plants, generally enhancing leaf photosynthesis because a large part of it is allocated to Rubisco and thylakoïds. This is well known in leaves where photosynthesis (i.e. gas exchange, Rubisco activity, chlorophyll content) is positively correlated to leaf N content.• In order to test this hypothesis in stems, N concentration, CO 2 exchange and also Rubisco and PEP carboxylase activities were measured in summer on current-year stems of young European beeches (Fagus sylvatica L.) growing on soils of different N content.• The CO 2 refixation rate of stems increased from 58.5% to 74.3% when stem N concentration increased from 5.7 to 10.1 mg g −1 DW. A hyperbolic relationship was obtained between stem gross photosynthesis and N concentration, with an x-intercept of 0.3 mmol N g −1 DW. Stem PEP carboxylase activity was higher in stems than in leaves and increased with stem N concentration whereas Rubisco activity did not change between treatments in both tissues.• In spite of a low nitrogen investment in stem photosynthesis (low PNUE), these results suggest that (1) stems invest more N in CO 2 refixation when more N is widely available, (2) stem photosynthesis is able to operate at low N concentration and (3) stem PEP carboxylase is involved in stem carbon refixation, but also simultaneously supplies carbon skeletons for N assimilation.

show abstract

Analysis of uptake and allocation of nitrogen and sulphur compounds by trees in the field

Cited by 116 publications

References 33 publications

Field and laboratory experiments on net uptake of nitrate and ammonium by the roots of spruce (Picea abies) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees

Field and laboratory experiments on net uptake of nitrate and ammonium by the roots of spruce (Picea abies) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees

NH₃ and NO₂ fluxes between beech trees and the atmosphere – correlation with climatic and physiological parameters

Effect of soil nitrogen supply on carbon assimilation by tree stems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Analysis of uptake and allocation of nitrogen and sulphur compounds by trees in the field

Cited by 116 publications

References 33 publications

Field and laboratory experiments on net uptake of nitrate and ammonium by the roots of spruce (Picea abies) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees

Field and laboratory experiments on net uptake of nitrate and ammonium by the roots of spruce (Picea abies) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees

NH3 and NO2 fluxes between beech trees and the atmosphere – correlation with climatic and physiological parameters

Effect of soil nitrogen supply on carbon assimilation by tree stems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

NH₃ and NO₂ fluxes between beech trees and the atmosphere – correlation with climatic and physiological parameters