2021
DOI: 10.3390/technologies9030059
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Analysis, Simulation, and Development of a Low-Cost Fully Active-Electrode Bioimpedance Measurement Module

Abstract: A low-cost 1 kHz–400 kHz operating frequency fully-active electrode bioimpedance measurement module, based on Howland current source, is presented in this paper. It includes a buffered positive feedback Howland current source, implemented with operational amplifiers, as well as an AD8421 instrumentation amplifier, for the differential voltage measurements. Each active electrode module can be connected to others, assembling a wearable active electrode module array. From this array, 2 electrodes can be selected … Show more

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