Analytic formulae for the design of reactive polymer blend barrier materials

Carranza, Susana; Paul, Donald R; Bonnecaze, Roger T.

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2010.04.029

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The oxygen scavenging in polymeric films is a complex, heterogeneous process, involving the coexistence of physical and chemical phenomena such as the physical dissolution and diffusion of the gas through the polymer and reaction of the active phase with oxygen . Many efforts are present in the literature devoted to model these phenomena in order to predict the performance of scavenging films pointing out that there is a strong difference between the behavior of multilayers and single layer systems …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and oxygen scavenging performance of three‐layer active PET films for food packaging

Maio

Scarfato

Galdi

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polymeric active materials represent an innovative food packaging concept that has been introduced to improve the quality of foods and to enhance their shelf life. In this article, the effect of the inclusion of an oxygen scavenger in a polymeric matrix, realizing multilayer active polyester films by coextrusion process, is analyzed. In particular, three layer active films, at different mass ratios of the layers, were produced to form symmetrical "ABA" structures comprising polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with a polymeric oxygen scavenger (OS) as core layer and pure PET as external layers. Oxygen scavenging tests conducted on the multilayer active structures have pointed out the role of the relative layer thickness in controlling the scavenging capacity, the activity time and the oxygen absorption rate. A modeling of the scavenging phenomena, which combines a quasi steady‐state distribution in the skin layers with a flat profile of O2 content in the active core layer, can explain the experimentally observed oxygen absorption rate at short times. Moreover, steady state oxygen transport measurements, performed when the scavenger reactive capacity is exhausted, have shown that the presence of the active phase slightly reduces the O2 permeability, compared with the neat PET. The effect, which progressively increases with the amount of active phase in the film formulation, was related to the different morphological state developed on processing. Finally, preliminary shelf life tests on fresh‐cut untreated apples suggest that the developed three layer active films have a significant potential in the shelf‐life extension of oxygen sensitive food products. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41465.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and oxygen scavenging performance of three‐layer active PET films for food packaging

Maio

Scarfato

Galdi

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The reaction between oxygen and scavenger material was considered as a pseudo second‐order reaction and, as stoichiometry, it was assumed that two molecules of oxygen reacts with one molecule of active scavenger material . The diffusion of gaseous permeating species into the polymers can also depend on the molecular size, physical state of the diffusant, the morphology of the polymer, and the solubility limit of the solute within the polymer matrix.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of multilayer films has introduced better barrier performance to achieve the desired packaging requirement according to the unique needs of the food product during storage. Furthermore, the inclusion of scavenger materials in multilayer films in combination with the various processes (e.g., co‐extrusion, lamination, coating) have been shown to increase the barrier performance …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carranza et al considered the barrier behavior of films composed of a blend of reactive particles and an inert polymer matrix by following the shrinking core model approximation of the oxygen permeated in to the packaging material. However, due to the fast reaction process over diffusion, the radius of the reactive core decreased with time and made the shell around it to be thicker.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxygen transfer in co‐extruded multilayer active films for food packaging

et al. 2017

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Oxygen scavenger applications in flexible food packaging are still limited due to the difficulty to ensure scavenging activity during storage and throughout the product shelf life. To avoid fast inactivation of the scavenger, multilayer active structures can be realized by inserting the active layer between two or more inert layers. In this work, an unsteady-state 1D reaction-diffusion mass transfer model was developed for predicting and optimizing the barrier-to-oxygen performance and the physical configurations of the co-extruded multilayer active films. The film configuration was a three-layers structure composed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as external inert layers, and PET with a polymeric oxygen scavenger as the core reactive layer. Scavenging activity of the multilayer film increased with the reactive layer thickness. Oxygen absorption reaction at short times decreased proportionally with the thickness of the external layers. The most appropriate combinations of inert-to-active film thickness were studied and analyzed

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“…Fick’s law must be applied to each layer in the structure. The mass transfer modeling of O 2 in multilayer structures would consider a typical O 2 solubility (4.38 µmol O2 /cm 3 atm), 27 and the typical diffusivity of each polymer (Table 1). The mathematical modeling of active polymeric systems can also predict the behavior of oxygen scavengers immobilized inside the multilayer packaging films.…”

Section: Mathematical Modeling and Simulation Of Oxygen-scavenging Po...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Food packaging and its oxygen transfer models in active multilayer structures: A theoretical review

Batista

Wanzeller

Lim

et al. 2022

Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting

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Many food products are sensitive to oxygen which can promote rancidity, aerobic microorganism growth, browning, vitamin degradation, flavor loss, and other undesirable reactions. Active packaging concepts have been successfully applied to delay these deteriorative phenomena. In particular, oxygen scavengers help limit O2 ingress into packaging thus extending product shelf-life and thereby reducing food waste. Besides oxygen barrier polymers, other composite materials have been developed to reduce the overall O2 permeability into the package by adding oxygen scavengers or barrier fillers into the packaging structures. Typical thermoplastic food packaging barrier properties are summarized, including commercially available ones, and reported in the patent literature. Furthermore, various mathematical models have been developed to predict the oxygen transport behavior in active packaging to simulate oxygen transport in polymeric and composite materials. Such models are helpful to provide a better understanding of the mass transport fundamentals involved and shorten product development cycle time and cost. This review provides an overview of various oxygen absorber systems used in active food packaging. It also summarizes the mathematical models that simulate oxygen transport and absorption in different polymer films. Finally, these models can be adapted for other polymers and O2 scavengers to simulate O2 transfer on active polymeric materials. Simulation tools help the fundamental understanding of the O2 transport behavior and facilitate to developing novel active packaging systems that extend food shelf-life and enhance their safety.

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Analytic formulae for the design of reactive polymer blend barrier materials

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Development and oxygen scavenging performance of three‐layer active PET films for food packaging

Development and oxygen scavenging performance of three‐layer active PET films for food packaging

Oxygen transfer in co‐extruded multilayer active films for food packaging

Food packaging and its oxygen transfer models in active multilayer structures: A theoretical review

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