Analytical and Computer Modelling of Transportation Systems for Traffic Bottleneck Resolution: A Hajj Case Study

Tayan, Omar; Binali, Abdullah M. Al; Kabir, Muhammad Nomani

doi:10.1007/s13369-014-1231-3

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…This could be achieved by modelling crowd behaviour and location in more detail (especially along the road and pathways in the city) in order to obtain more precise detail on the location of pilgrims at different times of the day. Crowd modelling is now well-established in the literature (Hughes, 2003;Torrens et al, 2012;Sharma et al, 2016) and there have even been a few preliminary studies on crowd movements within the Hajj using agent-based models (Al-Kodmany, 2013;Ilyas, 2013;Tayan et al, 2014). Building on these studies would enable us to build more accurate estimations of crowd movements within the Hajj which would, in turn, dovetail well with further attempts to optimise service provision.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Service Planning in a Temporary City

Alotaibi¹,

Clarke²,

Malleson³

2020

JSSM

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Temporary cities provide unique challenges in terms of urban planning and management. In particular, there are problems in terms of providing adequate service provision and ensuring an equitable access to those services. In addition, when temporary cities also involve a mass gathering for an event, there is a need for a strategic plan for managing the movement of this crowd over time. The Hajj is an annual religious event which hosts about 3 million pilgrims each year. It is the second largest annual gathering of Muslims in the world. The pilgrims reside for a number of days in the "tent city" of Mina. The organisers of the Hajj must plan the location of services to support this huge temporary population and also provide a plan to facilitate the performing of the religious rituals in an easy and safe manner (in particular to avoid overcrowding). In this paper, we estimate and map the distribution of populations across Mina during the Hajj and explore the location of existing services to investigate how well served the population is within various parts of the City. For illustrative purposes, we explore access to health centres and civil defence (mainly fire services). After analysing the current provision of these services across the City (through building suitable accessibility measures) we use a location allocation model to compare the current provision with a set of optimal, model-based locations. The model is also used to operationalise a series of what-if scenarios including reducing the number of facilities in line with increased Government concerns over escalating costs and changing demand in line with pilgrim movements throughout the day. The results of the location-allocation modelling could also help revamp staffing rotas-not only can the model provide optimal locations they can estimate the workloads associated with each facility location (based on the volume of local demand), meaning the thousands of health workers could be also located more optimally.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Service Planning in a Temporary City

Alotaibi¹,

Clarke²,

Malleson³

2020

JSSM

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show abstract

“…RFID and GIS technologies were combined together in order to monitor and control bus movements from Arafat to Muzdalifah, which is considered on of the major bottlenecks during Hajj [284]. Tayan et al used modeling to resolve traffic bottlenecks in the Holy sights transportation system [285]. Recently, Alhuthali and his colleagues invented a traffic flow monitoring system that is based on MATLAB vision tool.…”

Section: H Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solving Hajj and Umrah Challenges Using Information and Communication Technology: A Survey

Showail

2022

IEEE Access

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Hajj and Umrah are Muslims' religious pilgrimages to Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Hajj is considered the largest annual gathering in the world. In Islam, each and every able-bodied adult is obligated to go for Hajj at least once in his/her lifetime. Hajj takes place between the 8 th and the 13 th day of Dhul Hijjah, which is the last month of the Islamic year while Umrah, the minor pilgrimage, could be done any time of the year. In Hajj, pilgrims, also known as Hajjis, travel around 15 km and pilgrims have the choice to do it by foot, bus or by train. The Hajj journey starts from Mina, which is considered the largest tent city in the world because it hosts more than 10,000 fire resistant tents, and includes various religious rituals. Around 3 million Muslims from more than 183 countries make Hajj every year and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is working on increasing this number. Since 1989, researchers in various ICT domains have tried leveraging their expertise in solving challenges and issues related to Hajj and Umrah. Although several papers have surveyed efforts using technology in Hajj and Umrah research, none of them was comprehensive. In this paper, I classified research efforts that used information and communication technologies for solving Hajj and Umrah challenges over the past 33 years based on their applications in 10 categories. I also identified more than 30 technologies used by researchers all over the world to address Hajj and Umrah issues and group research efforts based on these technologies for ease of access. Furthermore, open challenges were discussed and new technologies that could be used to address these challenges were proposed.

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“…Agents' behaviors such as aggressiveness or walking pace were studied. In [6], the authors developed a model to enable real-time traffic management for the pilgrimage authorities. They used modeling techniques, such as adaptive control, to simulate Makkah's road networks and achieve effective traffic awareness between the holy sites.…”

Section: Agent-based and Regression Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crowd Evacuation in Hajj Stoning Area: Planning through Modeling and Simulation

et al. 2022

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Pilgrimage is one of the largest mass gatherings, where millions of Muslims gather annually from all over the world to perform Hajj. The stoning ritual during Hajj has been historically vulnerable to serious disasters that often cause severe impacts ranging from injuries to death tolls. In efforts to minimize the number and extent of the disasters, the stoning area has been expanded recently. However, no research has been carried out to study the evacuation effectiveness of the current exit placements in the area, which lies at the heart of effective minimization of the number and extent of the disasters. Therefore, this paper presents an in-depth study on emergency evacuation planning for the extended stoning area. It presents a simulation model of the expanded stoning area with the current exit placement. In addition, we suggested and examined four different exit placements considering evacuation scenarios in case of no hazard as well as two realistic hazard scenarios covering fire and bomb hazards. The simulation studied three stoning phases, beginning of stoning, during the peak hour of stoning, and ending of stoning at three scales of population sizes. The performance was measured in the light of evacuation time, percentage of evacuees, and percentage of crowd at each exit. The experimental results revealed that the current exits are not optimally positioned, and evacuation can be significantly improved through introducing a few more exits, or even through changing positions of the current ones.

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Analytical and Computer Modelling of Transportation Systems for Traffic Bottleneck Resolution: A Hajj Case Study

Cited by 19 publications

References 53 publications

Optimal Service Planning in a Temporary City

Optimal Service Planning in a Temporary City

Solving Hajj and Umrah Challenges Using Information and Communication Technology: A Survey

Crowd Evacuation in Hajj Stoning Area: Planning through Modeling and Simulation

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