Analytical and Numerical Approaches via Quadratic Integral Equations

Abstract

A quadratic integral Equation (QIE) of the second kind with continuous kernels is solved in the space C([0,T]×[0,T]). The existence of at least one solution to the QIE is discussed in this article. Our evidence depends on a suitable combination of the measures of the noncompactness approach and the fixed-point principle of Darbo. The quadratic integral equation can be used to derive a system of integral equations of the second kind using the quadrature method. With the aid of two different polynomials, Laguerre and Hermite, the system of integral equations is solved using the collocation method. In each numerical approach, the estimation of the error is discussed. Finally, using some examples, the accuracy and scalability of the proposed method are demonstrated along with comparisons. Mathematica 11 was used to obtain all of the results from the techniques that were shown.