Analytical methods for the determination of sterigmatocystin in cheese, bread and corn products using HPLC with atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometric detection

Scudamore, K. A.; Hetmanski, M. T.; Clarke, Philip A.; Barnes, Karen A.; Startin, James R.

doi:10.1080/02652039609374417

Cited by 49 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Identification by MS/MS and quantification by ESI have also been applied for the determination of other mycotoxins: e.g., aflatoxins (26), ochratoxin A (23, 28), fumonisin B1 (24), and polar and macrocyclic trichothecene mycotoxins (41). The poor recovery from our extraction and purification procedure was likely due to physical-chemical interactions of sterigmatocystin with the enormous dust surface in combination with the very low spiking concentrations relative to those used in other studies (39). However, this does not disqualify the basic findings of our pilot study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of Toxigenic Aspergillus versicolor Isolates and Sterigmatocystin in Carpet Dust from Damp Indoor Environments

Engelhart

Loock

Skutlarek

et al. 2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

171

104

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Over the past decade, there has been growing concern regarding the role of toxigenic fungi in damp indoor environments; however, there is still a lack of field investigations on exposure to mycotoxins. The goal of our pilot study was to quantify the proportion of toxigenic Aspergillus versicolor isolates in native carpet dust from damp dwellings with mold problems and to determine whether sterigmatocystin can be detected in this matrix. Carpet dust samples (n ‫؍‬ 11) contained from <2.5 ؋ 10 1 to 3.6 ؋ 10 5 (median, 3.1 ؋ 10 4 ) A. versicolor CFU/g of dust, and the median proportion of A. versicolor from total culturable fungi was 18%. Based on thin-layer chromatography detection of sterigmatocystin, 49 of 50 A. versicolor isolates (98%) were found to be toxigenic in vitro. By using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, sterigmatocystin could be detected in low concentrations (2 to 4 ng/g of dust) in 2 of 11 native carpet dust samples. From this preliminary study, we conclude that most strains of A. versicolor isolated from carpet dust are able to produce sterigmatocystin in vitro and that sterigmatocystin may occasionally occur in carpet dust from damp indoor environments. Further research and systematic field investigation are needed to confirm our results and to provide an understanding of the health implications of mycotoxins in indoor environments.Over the past decade, there has been growing concern regarding the role of toxigenic fungi in damp indoor environments (6,18,37,43). Several epidemiological studies indicate that children and adults living in damp indoor environments are more likely to suffer from respiratory as well as general symptoms (e.g., tiredness, headaches, nausea, and vomiting), and exposure to fungi has been suggested as being an important contributory factor (1,3,4,7,32,34,35). The underlying mechanisms, however, are not well known (17,33). Case reports and studies of agricultural workers indicate that certain health effects occur as a result of inhalation of molds, which are due at least in part to mycotoxins (6,8,9). To date, however, relatively few studies have examined exposure to mycotoxins in indoor environments. The current scientific literature on this topic focuses mainly on trichothecene mycotoxins produced by Stachybotrys chartarum (10,13,16). In addition, Aspergillus versicolor is presumed to be of concern, because it belongs to the most frequently occurring species found in damp indoor environments (19,27) and is known to be the major producer of the hepatotoxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin sterigmatocystin (2, 5). In a study of water-damaged building materials, analyses of wallpaper and fiberglass wallpaper naturally contaminated with A. versicolor revealed sterigmatocystin and 5-methoxysterigmatocystin (30). Tuomi and coworkers found sterigmatocystin in 24% of bulk samples of moldy interior finishes from Finnish buildings with moisture problems, ranging from 0.2 to 1,000 ng per g (fresh weight) of sample (42).Sterigmatocyst...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sterigmatocystin is closely related to aflatoxin mycotoxins and is a precursor of aflatoxin biosynthesis (2); however, the acute and chronic toxicities of sterigmatocystin are considerably lower (39). There are no case reports or epidemiological data referring directly to human toxicology.…”

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confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Toxigenic Aspergillus versicolor Isolates and Sterigmatocystin in Carpet Dust from Damp Indoor Environments

Engelhart

Loock

Skutlarek

et al. 2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

171

104

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“…Although in some studies using LC-MS methods no sterigmatocystin was detected (e.g. UK, Scudamore et al, 1996;FSA 2001), Veršilovskis et al (2008a) reported the occurrence in 55 out of 215 samples from Latvia, with 24 samples in the range 25-83 µg/kg. More recently, sterigmatocystin has been included in LC-MS/MS-based multimycotoxin methods and measured concurrently with the determination of other mycotoxins.…”

Section: Introduction and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey on sterigmatocystin in food

Pietri

MacDonald

et al. 2015

EFS3

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A total of 1 259 samples of cereal grains, cereal products, beer and nuts were analysed for the presence of the mycotoxin sterigmatocystin. Samples were mainly collected at processing plants, storage facilities, wholesale and retail between August 2013 and November 2014, in nine European countries (mostly Greece, Italy, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom (UK), additionally in Cyprus, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland). The products originated from 27 European countries and 18 other countries (mostly rice and nuts). The samples comprised cereal grains (221 wheat, 35 rye, 33 maize, 59 barley, 51 oats, 2 spelt, 117 rice), grain milling products (125), pasta (115), bread/rolls (143), breakfast cereals/muesli (97), fine bakery ware (90), cereal-based infant food (54), beer (53), peanuts (28) and hazelnuts (36). All samples were analysed by methods based on liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The limit of quantification, defined as the lowest validated level, was 0.5 µg/kg and the limit of detection (LOD) was in the range 0.05-0.15 µg/kg (0.005-0.01 µg/kg for beer). Overall, sterigmatocystin was identified in 10 % of the samples. More than 50 % of the contaminated samples contained levels between LOD and 0.5 µg/kg. In the other cases levels were all in the range 0.5-6 µg/kg with one exception (33 µg/kg in oats). Rice and oats were identified as the cereals most prone to sterigmatocystin contamination (virtually all unprocessed rice samples (all from Europe), 21 % of the processed rice samples, 22 % of the oats grains). In cereal products, levels were typically lower than in grains. The highest incidence was in breakfast cereals/muesli (19 %) while for the other cereal products the detection rate was 5-7 %. In the contaminated cereal products, rice and oats were often present as ingredients. For beer and nuts, none of the samples were found to be contaminated with sterigmatocystin. DISCLAIMERThe present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). In accordance with Article 36 of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002, this task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context of a grant agreement between the European Food Safety Authority and the author(s). The present document is published complying with the transparency principle to which the Authority is subject. It cannot be considered as an output adopted by the Authority. The European Food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view and position as regards the issues addressed and the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice to the rights of the authors. The present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). In accordance with Article 36 of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002, this task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context of a grant agreement between the European Food Safety Authority and the author(s). The present document is published complying with the transparency principle to which the A...

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“…Reports about the utility of APCI interfaces are inconsistent and ionisation efficiencies in this mode seem to be highly dependent on the aflatoxin subgroup and the APCI interface geometry (Abbas et al, 2002). In this respect, only the structurally related sterigmatocystin offers strikingly better sensitivity with an APCI interface in the positive ion mode than with ESI (Scudamore et al, 1996), and consequently only Abbas et al applied APCI for the detection of AFBs in the low ppb range (Abbas et al, 2002). According to recent investigations, autospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) seems to be a more reliable alternative to ESI.…”

Section: Hplc-ms-msmentioning

confidence: 99%