Analytical modeling and experimental characterization of chemotaxis in<i>Serratia marcescens</i>

Zhuang, Jing; Wei, Guopeng; Carlsen, Rika Wright; Edwards, Matthew R.; Mărculescu, Radu; Bogdan, Paul; Sitti, Metin

doi:10.1103/physreve.89.052704

Cited by 18 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…S. marcescens , a species that highly resembles E. coli in terms of motility and chemotaxis4445, should exhibit remarkable chemotaxis to L-serine as well. It has been established that flagellated bacteria, such as S. marcescens and E. coli , swim through a combination of runs and tumbles, which are responsible for translation and random reorientation of the bacteria, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemotaxis of bio-hybrid multiple bacteria-driven microswimmers

Zhuang

Sitti

2016

Sci Rep

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102

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In this study, in a bio-hybrid microswimmer system driven by multiple Serratia marcescens bacteria, we quantify the chemotactic drift of a large number of microswimmers towards L-serine and elucidate the associated collective chemotaxis behavior by statistical analysis of over a thousand swimming trajectories of the microswimmers. The results show that the microswimmers have a strong heading preference for moving up the L-serine gradient, while their speed does not change considerably when moving up and down the gradient; therefore, the heading bias constitutes the major factor that produces the chemotactic drift. The heading direction of a microswimmer is found to be significantly more persistent when it moves up the L-serine gradient than when it travels down the gradient; this effect causes the apparent heading preference of the microswimmers and is the crucial reason that enables the seemingly cooperative chemotaxis of multiple bacteria on a microswimmer. In addition, we find that their chemotactic drift velocity increases superquadratically with their mean swimming speed, suggesting that chemotaxis of bio-hybrid microsystems can be enhanced by designing and building faster microswimmers. Such bio-hybrid microswimmers with chemotactic steering capability may find future applications in targeted drug delivery, bioengineering, and lab-on-a-chip devices.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we tested the the chemotaxis of S. marcescens under a series of linear concentration profiles of L-serine, and quantified the chemotactic response using V C , which can be readily determined from the 2D trajectories of the swimming bacteria45. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemotaxis of bio-hybrid multiple bacteria-driven microswimmers

Zhuang

Sitti

2016

Sci Rep

Self Cite

102

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“…Two-dimensional (2D) motion of the microrobots was obtained from the video data using an in-house tracking program developed in MATLAB (R2012a, The MathWorks, Inc, Natick, MA). 2D bacterial swimming motion was tracked and analyzed with the methods described in our previous publications 2932…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their mean swimming speed can be as high as 47 μ m/s31. Temperature responses and chemotaxis of S. marcescens have been characterized and have also been found to resemble those of E. coli 2932. Since a common signaling machinery is suggested for chemotaxis, thermotaxis, and pH-taxis25, it is expected that S. marcescens also possesses a similar pH-tactic behavior as E. coli .…”

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confidence: 99%

pH-Taxis of Biohybrid Microsystems

Zhuang

Carlsen

Sitti

2015

Sci Rep

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110

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The last decade has seen an increasing number of studies developing bacteria and other cell-integrated biohybrid microsystems. However, the highly stochastic motion of these microsystems severely limits their potential use. Here, we present a method that exploits the pH sensing of flagellated bacteria to realize robust drift control of multi-bacteria propelled microrobots. Under three specifically configured pH gradients, we demonstrate that the microrobots exhibit both unidirectional and bidirectional pH-tactic behaviors, which are also observed in free-swimming bacteria. From trajectory analysis, we find that the swimming direction and speed biases are two major factors that contribute to their tactic drift motion. The motion analysis of microrobots also sheds light on the propulsion dynamics of the flagellated bacteria as bioactuators. It is expected that similar driving mechanisms are shared among pH-taxis, chemotaxis, and thermotaxis. By identifying the mechanism that drives the tactic behavior of bacteria-propelled microsystems, this study opens up an avenue towards improving the control of biohybrid microsystems. Furthermore, assuming that it is possible to tune the preferred pH of bioactuators by genetic engineering, these biohybrid microsystems could potentially be applied to sense the pH gradient induced by cancerous cells in stagnant fluids inside human body and realize targeted drug delivery.

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“…cancer site) often released a specific chemical for bacteria to be followed. S. marcescens and S. typhimurium especially shows the directional movement toward chemo-attractant by flagella motor [24,25]. Bacteria used in this work were attenuated S. typhimurium (SHJ2037) since it has chemotactic behavior toward a breast cancer site and also has shown a reasonable safety level by several clinical trials [26].…”

Section: Bacterial Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Laminar flow assisted anisotropic bacteria absorption for chemotaxis delivery of bacteria-attached microparticle

Huh

Son

et al. 2016

Micro and Nano Syst Lett

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The concepts of microrobots has been drawn significant attentions recently since its unprecedented applicability in nanotechnology and biomedical field. Bacteria attached microparticles presented in this work are one of pioneering microrobot technology for self-propulsion or producing kinetic energy from ambient for their motions. Microfluidic device, especially utilizing laminar flow characteristics, were employed for anisotropic attachment of Salmonella typhimurium flagellated chemotactic bacteria to 30 um × 30 um and 50 um × 50 um microparticles that made of biodegradable polymer. Any toxic chemicals or harmful treatments were excluded during the attachment process and it finished within 100 s for the anisotropic attachment. The attachments were directly confirmed by fluorescent intensity changes and SEM visualization. Chemotaxis motions were tracked using aspartate and the maximum velocity of the bacteria-attached microrobot was measured to be ~5 um/s which is comparable to prior state of art technologies. This reusable and scalable method could play a key role in chemotaxis delivery of functional microparticles such as drug delivery system.

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Analytical modeling and experimental characterization of chemotaxis inSerratia marcescens

Cited by 18 publications

References 66 publications

Chemotaxis of bio-hybrid multiple bacteria-driven microswimmers

Chemotaxis of bio-hybrid multiple bacteria-driven microswimmers

pH-Taxis of Biohybrid Microsystems

Laminar flow assisted anisotropic bacteria absorption for chemotaxis delivery of bacteria-attached microparticle

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