Analytical models for splitting capacity of bottom rails in partially anchored timber frame shear walls based on fracture mechanics

Caprolu, Giuseppe; Girhammar, Ulf Arne; Källsner, Bo

doi:10.1080/17480272.2015.1075228

Cited by 3 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The problem of splitting of the bottom rail in partially anchored shear walls due to uplift has, with respect to the focus of this paper, previously been studied by Girhammar and Källsner [16], with an empirical approach, and by Serrano et al [17] and Caprolu et al [18], with an analytical treatment. In Serrano et al [19] and Serrano et al [17], a comparison between a finite element analysis and analytical solutions was made.…”

Section: Series Setmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In Serrano et al [19] and Serrano et al [17], a comparison between a finite element analysis and analytical solutions was made. In Caprolu et al [18], a comparison was made between the analytical models and experimental results. In the present paper, the models presented in these papers are reviewed and alternative models are derived.…”

Section: Series Setmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The so-called compliance method of fracture mechanics, which follows from simple energy considerations, leads to [25][26][27][28][29][30] = √ 2G where is the failure load, G is the fracture energy, is the crack area, and is the compliance, that is, the deflection at the loading point for a unit force. Bottom rails in partially anchored shears wall are subjected to uplift forces from the sheathing (see, e.g., Ni and Karacabeyli [5,31], Girhammar and Källsner [16], and Caprolu et al [18]) which may result in splitting of the bottom rail. Experiments show ( Figure 2) that cracks may form either at the bottom side of the rail and propagate vertically (mode 1) or at the side of the rail and propagate horizontally (mode 2).…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiments show ( Figure 2) that cracks may form either at the bottom side of the rail and propagate vertically (mode 1) or at the side of the rail and propagate horizontally (mode 2). The first type is presented in Serrano et al [17] and both types of cracks are treated in Serrano et al [19] and Caprolu et al [18], and a fracture mechanics solution based on (1) is derived.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Model 1. Figure 5 shows the geometry, boundary conditions, and loading conditions assumed in Serrano et al [19] and Caprolu et al [18] for a crack propagating horizontally in a bottom rail.…”

Section: Horizontal Cracking (Mode 2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fracture Mechanics Models for Brittle Failure of Bottom Rails due to Uplift in Timber Frame Shear Walls

Jensen

Caprolu

Girhammar

2016

Advances in Civil Engineering

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In partially anchored timber frame shear walls, hold-down devices are not provided; hence the uplift forces are transferred by the fasteners of the sheathing-to-framing joints into the bottom rail and via anchor bolts from the bottom rail into the foundation. Since the force in the anchor bolts and the sheathing-to-framing joints do not act in the same vertical plane, the bottom rail is subjected to tensile stresses perpendicular to the grain and splitting of the bottom rail may occur. This paper presents simple analytical models based on fracture mechanics for the analysis of such bottom rails. An existing model is reviewed and several alternative models are derived and compared qualitatively and with experimental data. It is concluded that several of the fracture mechanics models lead to failure load predictions which seem in sufficiently good agreement with the experimental results to justify their application in practical design.

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Section: Series Setmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Series Setmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Horizontal Cracking (Mode 2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fracture Mechanics Models for Brittle Failure of Bottom Rails due to Uplift in Timber Frame Shear Walls

Jensen

Caprolu

Girhammar

2016

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Design against brittle failure of bottom rails in shear walls

Girhammar¹,

Källsner²

2016

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures

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The authors have developed a new plastic design method for light-framed timber shear walls, which is capable of analysing the load-bearing capacity of partially anchored shear walls. For proper application of the plastic method it is necessary to ensure ductile behaviour of the sheathing-to-framing joints and to avoid brittle failure of the bottom rail. In a partially anchored shear wall, the tying down forces are developed in the sheathing-to-framing joints along the bottom rail, which may introduce a brittle type of failure of the bottom rail that needs to be eliminated in order for the plastic method to be applicable. This paper deals with design of anchor bolts needed to tie down the bottom rail properly and it describes experimental results for proper design of washers for anchor bolts to avoid these splitting failures of the bottom rail. The effect of different washer sizes and location of the anchor bolts on the failure load when splitting of the bottom rail occurs is presented. The tests indicate that the failure load depends on the distance from the edge of the washer to the loaded edge of the bottom rail. An explicit design equation for the capacity of the bottom rail is presented.

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Muros de entramado ligero de madera: Una revisión del estado del arte

Encalada Oña,

Alvarez Prado,

Quizanga Martinez

et al. 2024

ACI Av. Cienc. Ing. (Quito)

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Tras el sismo de Northridge en 1994, mismo que ocasionó daños significativos a las estructuras de madera, la investigación sobre la respuesta sísmica de muros de entramado ligero ha experimentado un notable crecimiento. Este interés se ha extendido más allá de la zona afectada. Autores de países con tradición constructiva en madera han experimentado sobre la geometría de los componentes del muro, la conexión entre el marco y el panel de revestimiento y la implementación de nuevos materiales. En complemento a la parte experimental se han desarrollado modelos numéricos que capturan de forma precisa el comportamiento ante carga sísmica. Este artículo de revisión del estado del arte tiene como objetivo sintetizar las innovaciones y hallazgos encontrados durante la última década, mismos que se detallan en artículos de investigación disponibles en la base de datos ScienceDirect, haciendo de este trabajo una referencia inicial para explorar futuras líneas de investigación en países donde este sistema no ha sido mayormente divulgado. Se ha adoptado la metodología indicada en la declaración PRISMA para dar un adecuado diagnóstico de la información bibliométrica encontrada, adicionalmente se realizaron mapas bibliométricos basados en autores empleando la herramienta VOSviewer. Cabe señalar que en este trabajo se han excluido aspectos de resistencia al fuego u otros factores ambientales. La presentación de los resultados se organiza en función de dos aspectos clave identificados en la literatura: los estudios experimentales y la modelación numérica de muros de entramado ligero.

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Analytical models for splitting capacity of bottom rails in partially anchored timber frame shear walls based on fracture mechanics

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Fracture Mechanics Models for Brittle Failure of Bottom Rails due to Uplift in Timber Frame Shear Walls

Fracture Mechanics Models for Brittle Failure of Bottom Rails due to Uplift in Timber Frame Shear Walls

Design against brittle failure of bottom rails in shear walls

Muros de entramado ligero de madera: Una revisión del estado del arte

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