Analytical Techniques to Characterize Scales and Deposits

East, Christopher P.; Schiller, Tara L.; Fellows, Christopher M.; Doherty, William O.S.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63228-9.00028-0

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 30 publications

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“…From economic and environmental points of view, there is a dire need for minimization or elimination of scale formation. For more than a century, scale formation processes are investigated to find a suitable method [8]. Some scale prediction models were developed to control and manage the formation of scale [2,[9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation and kinetic modeling of nanocrystal growth for scale reduction in mono-ethylene glycol regeneration unit

2019

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Scale formation is the major problem in mono-ethylene glycol regeneration units of gas refineries. In this study, the effect of adding different concentrations of silica nanoparticles on the growth rate of salt crystals in a rich mono-ethylene glycol solution is investigated, and the corresponding mathematical model is introduced. To obtain the crystallization kinetics, the particle size distribution was measured in continuous intervals of time and temperature using a dynamic light scattering. Measurements were taken at four temperature levels, in 20-min intervals, and 1, 3, 5, and 9 wt% of silica nanoparticles. Results showed that silica nanoparticles reduced the activation energy needed for nucleation and crystallization by more than 50%. However, increasing the concentration of nanoparticles did not result in a further reduction in the activation energy. Rather, it contributed to the formation of larger primary nuclei that form a larger crystal structure. An increase in temperature from 25 to 50 °C led to an increase of 8.8% in the initial crystal growth. On the other side, increasing the concentration of nanoparticles from 1 to 10 wt% at a constant temperature increased the crystallization growth rate by 3.4%. The proposed mathematical model predicts the kinetics of crystal growth with an acceptable accuracy with the mean relative error of 6.19% for the whole range of concentration and temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation and kinetic modeling of nanocrystal growth for scale reduction in mono-ethylene glycol regeneration unit

2019

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Acoustic Limescale Layer and Temperature Measurement in Ultrasonic Flow Meters

Landskron

Dotzer

Benkert

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Guided acoustic waves are commonly used in domestic water meters to measure the flow rate. The accuracy of this measurement method is affected by factors such as variations in temperature and limescale deposition inside of the pipe. In this work, a new approach using signals from different sound propagation paths is used to determine these quantities and allow for subsequent compensation. This method evaluates the different propagation times of guided Lamb waves in flow measurement applications. A finite element method-based model is used to identify the calibration curves for the device under test. The simulated dependencies on temperature and layer thickness are validated by experimental data. Finally, a test on simulated data with varying temperatures and limescale depositions proves that this method can be used to separate both effects. Based on these values, a flow measurement correction scheme can be derived that provides an improved resolution of guided acoustic wave-based flow meters.

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Analytical Techniques to Characterize Scales and Deposits

Cited by 2 publications

References 30 publications

Experimental investigation and kinetic modeling of nanocrystal growth for scale reduction in mono-ethylene glycol regeneration unit

Experimental investigation and kinetic modeling of nanocrystal growth for scale reduction in mono-ethylene glycol regeneration unit

Acoustic Limescale Layer and Temperature Measurement in Ultrasonic Flow Meters

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