Analyzing Emergency Evacuation Strategies for Mass Gatherings using Crowd Simulation And Analysis framework

Mahmood, Imran; Haris, Muhammad; Sarjoughian, Hessam S.

doi:10.1145/3064911.3064924

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Hajj requires substantial prior planning using various possible scenarios (Bahurmoz, 2006;Khwaja, 2017) [23,8]. Such planning, achieved by using crowd modelling and simulation, plays a vital role in anticipating and preventing crowd evacuation problems before they occur (Mahmood et al, 2017;Ochoa et al, 2017) [3,24]. Modelling (including simulation) offers many benefits: developing prior arrangements; improving crowd and transport management; identifying crowded spots and traffic bottlenecks; and investigating transitions from normal to evacuation scenarios.…”

Section: Crowd Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mass Gathering (MG) events involve participation of more than 1,000 people in one site at the same time (Al-Tawfiq et al, 2016) [1] for a specific purpose and for a finite duration (Memish et al, 2012) [2]. MG events can be religious (e.g., Hajj); cultural (e.g., large music concerts); sporting (e.g., the Olympics and FIFA World Cups); or political (e.g., processions and rallies or social riots) (Mahmood et al, 2017) [3]. Because of the large number of attendees, MGs pose many challenges such as crowd management, security and emergency readiness (Memish et al, 2012) [2].…”

Section: Iintroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling Mass Crowd Using Discrete Event Simulation: A Case Study of Integrated Tawaf and Sayee Rituals During Hajj

et al. 2021

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Hajj is a mass gathering event that takes place annually in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Typically, around three million people participate in the event and perform rituals that involve their movements within strict space and time restrictions. Despite efforts by the Hajj organisers, such massive crowd gathering and movement cause overcrowding related problems at the Hajj sites. Several previous simulation studies on Hajj focused on the rituals individually. Tawaf, followed by Sayee, are two important rituals that are performed by all the pilgrims at the same venue on the same day. These events have a strong potential for crowd buildup and related problems. As opposed the previous works in the literature, in this paper we study these two events jointly, rather than separately. We use ExtendSim, a Discrete Event Simulation tool, to integrate the Tawaf and Sayee rituals into one model. The validated model was applied to a wide range of scenarios where different percentages of pilgrims were allocated to the various Tawaf and Sayee areas. The effect of such allocations on the time to complete Tawaf and Sayee indicate strategies for managing these two key Hajj rituals.

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Section: Crowd Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Iintroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Mass Crowd Using Discrete Event Simulation: A Case Study of Integrated Tawaf and Sayee Rituals During Hajj

et al. 2021

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“…Mahmood et al, [85] proposed an Agent-based Crowd Simulation & Analysis framework that incorporates the use of Anylogic Pedestrian library and integrates Anylogic Simulation environment with external modules for optimization and analysis. The framework can model large crowd in a spatially explicit environment at real scale.…”

Section: D1 Schedulingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mahmood et al, [85] modeled and analysed the Tawaf ritual using an agent-based crowd simulation and analysis framework. Incorporating Anylogic Pedestrian library, this framework provided a runtime environment for analysing complex situations like emergency evacuation plans.…”

Section: D2 Evacuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Revolution for Hajj Crowd Management: A Technology Survey

et al. 2020

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“…However, the emergency evacuations have no introduced guidance scheme, which is significant to ensure effective evacuation. Mahmood et al [34] captured patterns of complex crowd behavior and built a micro model of the agent-based crowd simulation during the period of Muslim assembly. From the results of the experiment, daily training plays a vital role in the success of emergency evacuation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation-Based Model of Emergency Evacuation Guidance in the Metro Stations of China

Long

Zhang

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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With the development of modern cities, metro are playing an increasingly important role in urban traffic. A biochemical terrorist attack in a metro station can cause many casualties. Therefore, more attention should be paid to metro emergency management. This paper presents a guidance scheme based on an improved empirical formula to optimize emergency evacuation. Additionally, the guidance evacuation model combined the social force model with pedestrian characteristics to study the influence of pedestrian behaviors on guidance evacuation. The experiment results show the following: (1) A guidance scheme based on an improved empirical formula can significantly reduce the casualties and improve the efficiency of evacuation; (2) The guidance evacuation model can be used to find the reasonable guidance locations and the combination of guides. (3) Pedestrian characteristics must be taken into account in the research of the guidance evacuation. Analyzing the behavioral characteristics of pedestrian can provide improvement measures for guidance evacuation. This paper focuses on the simulation experiments of emergency evacuation in metro station, which can provide practical references for developing an efficient and safe emergency evacuation scheme. INDEX TERMS Social force model, guidance scheme, improved empirical formula, pedestrians' behavior, simulation.

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Analyzing Emergency Evacuation Strategies for Mass Gatherings using Crowd Simulation And Analysis framework

Cited by 26 publications

References 5 publications

Modelling Mass Crowd Using Discrete Event Simulation: A Case Study of Integrated Tawaf and Sayee Rituals During Hajj

Modelling Mass Crowd Using Discrete Event Simulation: A Case Study of Integrated Tawaf and Sayee Rituals During Hajj

Digital Revolution for Hajj Crowd Management: A Technology Survey

Simulation-Based Model of Emergency Evacuation Guidance in the Metro Stations of China

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