Anammox Bacteria Immobilization Using Polyvinyl Alcohol/Sodium Alginate Crosslinked with Sodium Sulfate

Gel immobilization: A strategy to improve the performance of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria for nitrogen-rich wastewater treatment

“…However, full-scale or pilot-scale study of anammox gel immobilization, except with polyethylene glycol gel (PEG), is missing in the literature. Previous studies depicted good removal performance and short start-up period of anammox with gel immobilization under laboratory conditions (Tuyen et al, 2020). As anammox bacteria are very sensitive to changing conditions in the surrounding environment, the immobilization techniques must be studied under real wastewater conditions.…”

“…The retention of biomass was enhanced by immobilization of anammox bacteria within the gel material even at a short hydraulic retention time. The easy liquid and solid separation by gel immobilization can be achieved, and biomass washout from the treatment system can be reduced (Tuyen et al, 2020). Furthermore, the stirring can remove the formation of the gas pocket inside the gel beads.…”