Anaphylaxis to the Carbohydrate Side Chain Alpha-gal

Platts-Mills, Thomas A.E.; Schuyler, Alexander J.; Tripathi, Anju; Commins, Scott P.

doi:10.1016/j.iac.2015.01.009

Cited by 85 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In the US, alpha-gal syndrome has become most common in the southeast [93] and meat allergies (e.g., beef, lamb, pork, venison, cow milk) are associated with A. americanum prevalence [94]. It is unknown how long a tick must be attached in order for the alpha-gal sensitivity to occur.…”

Section: Neurotoxin (Tick Paralysis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Tick Attachment Times Vary between Different Tick-Pathogen Systems?

et al. 2017

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Improvements to risk assessments are needed to enhance our understanding of tick-borne disease epidemiology. We review tick vectors and duration of tick attachment required for pathogen transmission for the following pathogens/toxins and diseases: (1) Anaplasma phagocytophilum (anaplasmosis); (2) Babesia microti (babesiosis); (3) Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease); (4) Southern tick-associated rash illness; (5) Borrelia hermsii (tick-borne relapsing fever); (6) Borrelia parkeri (tick-borne relapsing fever); (7) Borrelia turicatae (tick-borne relapsing fever); (8) Borrelia mayonii; Reported tick attachment times varied (<1 h to seven days) between pathogen/toxin type and tick vector. Not all studies were designed to detect the duration of attachment required for transmission. Knowledge of this important aspect of vector competence is lacking and impairs risk assessment for some tick-borne pathogens.

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Section: Neurotoxin (Tick Paralysis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Tick Attachment Times Vary between Different Tick-Pathogen Systems?

et al. 2017

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“…The evidence about ticks as a cause of the IgE response is good, but certainly it does not exclude a role for other parasitic exposures (11). Why some positive α-Gal patients develop delayed-onset anaphylaxis after the ingestion of red meat and others do not, is a question that needs to be answered.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An unusual case of positive sIgE to Galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose from South Italy

Uasuf

Torina

Ferrantelli

et al. 2018

Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol

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SummaryWe report the case of a 38-year-old man who was bitten several times during his life by a tick. He didn't report any previous history of anaphylaxis after the ingestion of red meat. The serum specific IgE showed positivity to α-Gal. The proximity of the bits didn't increase the titer of IgE antibodies to alpha-gal. We could hypothesize that the frequency of the exposure to the tick bites and the amount of tick bites during his lifetime induced a sort of tolerance in this patient.

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“…The natural vectors for A americanum are deer (primarily the white-tailed deer) and small animals. 10,11,15 The geographic region is believed to be expanding. Image was obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (http://www.CDC.gov/) and is in the public domain.…”

Section: Diagnostic Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an office, challenges are complicated by the need to monitor for at least 6 hours after the single dose of meat and the reactions can include anaphylaxis despite a history of only urticarial reactions. 15 A typical patient would be expected to have elevated IgE titers to alpha-gal, beef, lamb, and pork with negative IgE titers to chicken, turkey, and fish. If checked, then IgE titers to cow's milk, cat, and dog also might be positive.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,10 Currently, the distribution of A americanum in the United States is primarily in the Southeast; however, investigators believe the geographic area of the tick is continuing to expand (Fig 2). 10,14,15 Other ticks have been identified as vectors in different countries, such as Ixodes ricinius in Europe and Ixodes holocyclus in Australia. 16,17 Pathophysiology…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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