Anaplastic thyroid cancer

O’Neill, James Paul; Shaha, Ashok R.

doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.03.440

Cited by 130 publications

(112 citation statements)

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“…ATC constitute one of the most aggressive and lethal human solid tumor and is characterized by an absence of thyroid differentiation features, a marked degree of invasiveness and extensive necrosis (11). ATC patients have a median survival of 5 months and less than 20% survive 12 month.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ATC patients have a median survival of 5 months and less than 20% survive 12 month. Nowadays there are not effective therapies for ATC, since surgery, traditional chemotherapies and radiation therapies are mostly ineffective and are not able to improve the overall survival (10,11). Therefore, innovative approaches for ATC treatment are needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of HuR downregulation on anaplastic thyroid cancer cells

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) constitutes one of the most aggressive types of human solid cancer, and is characterized by the absence of thyroid differentiation features and a marked degree of invasiveness. We have previously demonstrated that the RNA-binding protein Hu antigen R (HuR) is overexpressed in thyroid carcinoma; thus, the biological role of this RNA-binding protein was investigated in the present study using the ATC cell lines SW1736 and 8505C. In both cell lines, HuR protein levels were higher compared with in the non-tumorigenic thyroid cell line Nthy-ori-3.1. HuR silencing by RNA interference in both ATC cell lines decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis rates and reduced the capability to form colonies in soft agar. Thus, HuR plays an important role in the proliferation and aggressiveness of ATC cells. The histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) was able to reduce the viability of ATC cells. The results demonstrated that SAHA was able to decrease HuR expression in SW1736 and 8505C cells. Furthermore, since it is known that the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-κB modulates HuR expression, whether SAHA affects the nuclear (active) fraction of NF-κB in ATC cells was investigated. The data suggested that SAHA decreases ATC cell viability by reducing the active form of NF-κB, which, in turn, modulates HuR expression.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of HuR downregulation on anaplastic thyroid cancer cells

et al. 2017

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“…It usually involves patients in their sixth or seventh decade of life and has a median survival of 5 months and less than 20% of patients are alive 1 year after diagnosis. Geographical prevalence of ATC has a wide range from 1.3 to 9.8% [94][95][96].ATC is considered to be originally derived from follicular cells resulted from dediferentiation. About 80% of ATC presents in patients with long-standing goiter, which is possibly in the seting of an undiagnosed well-diferentiated thyroid cancer [95].…”

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confidence: 99%

Thyroid Cancers: Considerations, Classifications, and Managements

Khosravi¹,

Kouhi²,

Saeedi³

et al. 2017

Diagnosis and Management of Head and Neck Cancer

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Rapidly increasing trend of thyroid cancer incidence has turned this disease into a global concern. An estimated number of 64,300 new cases of thyroid cancer occurred in men and women in 2016, which represents 3.8% of all new cancer cases of USA (htps://seer. cancer.gov/statfacts/html/thyro.html). Thus, there is a high possibility for every physician to encounter a case of thyroid cancer during his/her professional lifetime. In this chapter, we clariied epidemiology, diferent categories, and new approaches toward diagnosis and management of thyroid cancer.Keywords: thyroid cancer, epidemiology, diferentiated thyroid cancer, undiferentiated thyroid cancer, thyroid nodule Detailed epidemiology of thyroid cancerAs the most common endocrine cancer and ifth most common cancer in women, thyroid cancer includes approximately 1-1.5% of all new cases of cancer diagnosed annually in the USA based on previous data [1][2][3]. Thyroid cancer is more prevalent among women and those with positive family history of thyroid disease. Some prior studies have reported a worldwide increasing trend for thyroid cancer incidence in recent decades [4]. Annual percent change (APC) is a commonly used indicator for the assessment of changes in incidence. Based on US National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, it has been reported 2.4% from 1980 to 1997 and 6.6% from 1997 to 2009 in both genders for thyroid cancer (data available at htp://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/thyro.html).© 2017 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.According to [2009][2010][2011][2012][2013] data, the rate of new cases of thyroid cancer was 13.9 per 100,000 men and women per year (Figure 1). Table 1 summarizes number of new cases per 100,000 persons by race/ethnicity and sex. A recently published study on adolescent cancer incidence during 1975-2012 has reported a 2.12% increase for females and 1.59% for males between 15 and 19 years of age [5]. However, there is a study indicating that thyroid cancer incidence trend has slowed following release of American Thyroid Association (ATA) guideline in 2009 [6, 7]. It has been reported that overall thyroid cancer incidence had an increasing trend about 8% per year from 2000 to 2009. But APC showed a deceleration about 3% in men and 2.8% in women, which was conined to tumors less than 2.9 cm of size for women [7].Also, thyroid cancer-related mortality was estimated to consist 0.3% of all cancer-related deaths in 2016. A 5-year survival rate of 98.1% has been reported for thyroid cancer. Despite increasing trend of incidence, thyroid cancer mortality has a relatively stable rate about 0.5 cases per 100,000 persons both from 1973 to 2002 and 2009 to 2013 [8, 9].In conclusion, it seems that thyroid cancer has been following an ...

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“…Patients are usually in their 6 th -7 th decade of life 1,6 . The etiology is unclear, however in up to 80% of patients ATC arises on top of a simultaneous or immediately prior thyroid disease, such as benign long standing goiter or well differentiated thyroid carcinomas 2,7 . ATC has an extremely poor response to treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ATC has an extremely poor response to treatment. The median survival time of ATC is about 5 months and less than 20% of patients survive 1 year after diagnosis 7 . Anaplastic thyroid cancer typically has multiple genomic gains and deletions in many chromosomal regions leading to multistep dedifferentiation of thyroid cancers and development and progression of ATC 8,9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment Outcome and Prognostic Factors of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: A Single Institution Experience in Egypt

Ibrahim

Askoura

2018

Kasr-Al-Aini J.of Clin. Onc. and Nuc. Med.

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Introduction: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare lethal malignancy. It is one of the most aggressive human malignancies with limited progress in finding effective therapies. Aim: We aimed to study the treatment outcome and prognostic factors of ATC patients treated at our institution. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed charts of 30 ATC patients, treated at the Clinical Oncology Department, AinShams University from 2006 to 2017. The clinical characteristics and factors affecting survival were studied. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to analyze the overall survival (OS) of the patients. Results: The median age of patients was 60 years and males represented 63% of them. Almost half of patients (47%) had stage IVA disease. Equal number of patients received combined modality treatment versus single modality treatment (37% each). The median OS was 3 months (95% Confidence interval: 1.429-4.571). Variables associated with significantly better OS in univariate analysis included male sex (p=0.04), stage IVA disease (p=0.012), surgical treatment (p=0.034), radiotherapy (p=0.003), and combined modality treatment (p=0.005). However, only female sex was identified as significant poor prognostic variable of OS (p=0.043) by multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Our results of treatment outcome and prognosis of ATC agree with most of the literature. Multimodality treatment is currently the standard of care. While still there is no successful treatment of this rapidly fatal disease, exploration of novel therapies and approaches are warranted to help improve the outcome.

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Anaplastic thyroid cancer

Cited by 130 publications

References 25 publications

Effects of HuR downregulation on anaplastic thyroid cancer cells

Effects of HuR downregulation on anaplastic thyroid cancer cells

Thyroid Cancers: Considerations, Classifications, and Managements

Treatment Outcome and Prognostic Factors of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: A Single Institution Experience in Egypt

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