Anatomical and genetic aspects of ash dieback: a look at the wood structure

Tulik, Mirela; Zakrzewski, J.; Adamczyk, Joanna; Tereba, Anna; Yaman, Barbaros; Nowakowska, Justyna A.

doi:10.3832/ifor2080-010

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Remarkably, a high levels of damage was recorded to the established regeneration plots, in which almost all trees were infected. The loss of apical shoots was regularly observed, which could lead to alteration of polar transport of auxin and to marked modifications of wood biometric traits, progressively leading to tree death (Tulik et al 2017). Moreover, the apex loss was always associated with other attacks on branches or with cankers on the stems, thus further reducing the chance of survival.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the impact of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus in Trentino (Alps, Northern Italy): first investigations

Giongo¹,

Longa²,

Maso³

et al. 2017

iForest

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The spread of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus has been causing great concern regarding the survival of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) throughout Europe since the 1990s. The disease was first recorded in Trentino (southern Alps, Italy) in 2012 and has spread throughout the mountain landscape, where ash trees are scattered in small and isolated stands in different valleys. The status of the disease was checked by monitoring the damage to natural regeneration and adult trees in 90 sites spread over the whole region. The survey confirmed the complete colonization by the pathogen of the whole investigated area, with high levels of damage to both young and adult ash trees. Regeneration (both seedlings and saplings) was observed to be affected by the fungus in 88 plots out of 90. Out of 4486 examined young European ashes, 2261 (50.4%) were affected and 789 (17.6%) were already dead. Ten of the 384 assayed flowering ashes (Fraxinus ornus) showed symptoms on branches and apical stems, similar to those observed for European ash. Isolation and molecular analysis proved the presence of the fungus on both symptomatic European and flowering ashes. The examined 386 adult trees showed different levels of damage, sometimes reaching more than 75% of the crown. Some individual trees (42) growing close to severely damaged trees appeared fully healthy, which suggests the possible existence of some resistant/tolerant individuals in the examined populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the impact of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus in Trentino (Alps, Northern Italy): first investigations

Giongo¹,

Longa²,

Maso³

et al. 2017

iForest

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“…The regeneration of ash on heavily infested sites is endangered both by infestation and a lower production of seed [53], and by a high infection rate of seedlings [54]. The survival rate of young trees is very low because of the small crown volume and girdling of the main stem [18,55], while in older trees, this process is slower and takes time to be observed while the disease progressively develops on the shoots [56][57][58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of European Ash Seedlings Treated with Phosphite after Infection with the Hymenoscyphus fraxineus and Phytophthora Species

Keča

Tkaczyk

Żółciak

et al. 2018

Forests

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The European Fraxinus species are threatened by the alien invasive pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, which was introduced into Poland in the 1990s and has spread throughout the European continent, causing a large-scale decline of ash. There are no effective treatments to protect ash trees against ash dieback, which is caused by this pathogen, showing high variations in susceptibility at the individual level. Earlier studies have shown that the application of phosphites could improve the health of treated seedlings after artificial inoculation with H. fraxineus. Three-year-old F. excelsior seedlings were inoculated with the following pathogens: a H. fraxineus, Phytophthora species mixture (P. plurivora, P. megasperma, and P. taxon hungarica), in combination with two pathogens and mock-inoculated as the control, and then either watered or treated with ammonium phosphite (Actifos). Results showed significant differences in the survival of seedlings and symptoms of disease development among the treatments. Chlorophyll-a fluorescence parameters indicated a decrease in photosynthetic efficiency in infected plants, suggesting that they were under strong biotic stress, but none of the parameters could be used as a reliable bioindicator for ash decline disease. The application of Actifos enhanced the production of triterpenes (ursolic and oleanolic acid), and decreased the production of phenols (tyrosol) and sterols (β-sitosterol) in seedlings infected with H. fraxineus. Treatment with Actifos caused seedlings to enhance their response to pathogen(s) attack and increase their survival probability.

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“…When examining a cross-section of the root of F. sogdiana from the Sharyn site (Figure 5, at 70x magnification), a similar structure was noted. The difference in the severity of the core rays, which were more numerous in this sample, and they are observed to a greater extent (8). Also, a looser structure of all root tissues is noted.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…The transition to the spongy parenchyma is clear. Spongy parenchyma consists of 3-4 cell rows with large air spaces (8). Mesophyll consists of cells of columnar and spongy mesophyll.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These deviations can be used to determine the additional mortality rate due to Hymenoscyphus fraxineus infection in pure single-aged ash trees. New ideas for studying the inexpensive and highly effective modified adsorbent biochar as a new biochar to eliminate tetracycline from water [6][7][8][9]. The factor responsible for the higher infestation of seedlings, the low water table affected the density of natural renewal of ash trees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative study of root, stem, and leaf anatomy of young Sogdian ash trees (Fraxinus sogdiana Bunge) growing in river valleys of the Sharyn State National Park

Aldibekova

Sultanova

Aksoy

et al. 2021

IJBCh

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The study of endangered relict woody plants is a key component of biodiversity conservation strategies. In this regard, the purpose of the study was to compare anatomical features of the vegetative organs of relict Sogdian ash (Fraxinus sogdiana Bunge) growing in river valleys of the Sharyn State National Park in the Almaty region. In 2020-2021 young individuals of Sogdian ash were sampled, in the valleys of the Sharyn and Temirlik rivers to study, their root, stem, and leaf anatomical features for the first time. The lower and upper epidermis of F. sogdiana leaves were thicker in individuals growing at the Sharyn site than at the Temirlik site. In contrast to that, the thickness of the mesophyll was thicker in leaves from the Temirlik site. The cross-sectional area of the conductive bundles of plants were larger in trees from the Sharyn site. The morphometric parameters of the stem also had different results. The diameter of the roots were twice as large in Sogdian ash trees growing at the Sharyn site, likely due to the growing conditions, since the soil of the Sharyn River valley is meadow, stony and pebbly, compared to the Temirlik River, which is a deposit of red clay mixed with crushed stone and rock remnants. Since Sogdian ash is drought tolerant dry air well, due to its resistance to heat and soil salinity, it can be recommended in order to preserve biodiversity, for landscaping, and for improving ecosystem conditions.

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Anatomical and genetic aspects of ash dieback: a look at the wood structure

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Evaluating the impact of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus in Trentino (Alps, Northern Italy): first investigations

Evaluating the impact of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus in Trentino (Alps, Northern Italy): first investigations

Survival of European Ash Seedlings Treated with Phosphite after Infection with the Hymenoscyphus fraxineus and Phytophthora Species

Comparative study of root, stem, and leaf anatomy of young Sogdian ash trees (Fraxinus sogdiana Bunge) growing in river valleys of the Sharyn State National Park

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