Anatomy and Organization of Human Skin

McGrath, John A.; Eady, R.A.J.; Pope, F M

doi:10.1002/9780470750520.ch3

Cited by 151 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 639 publications

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“…Second, we adopted a lower square wave duration in our study (100 ls vs. 200 ls). Lastly, whereas Lyoo et al [9] applied the STDT stimuli to the skin of the dorsum of the foot, we stimulated the volar surface of the index finger, where the skin is thicker and has a greater stratum corneum [19]. Overall, these methodological factors may account for the difference in STDT values between the two studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold may help to differentiate patients with multiple system atrophy from patients with Parkinson's disease

Rocchi

Conte

Nardella

et al. 2012

Euro J of Neurology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold may help to differentiate patients with multiple system atrophy from patients with Parkinson's disease

Rocchi

Conte

Nardella

et al. 2012

Euro J of Neurology

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“…The dermis, which contains lymphatic and blood vessels as well as nerve fibers, consists of a dense network formed by proteins, collagen, and elastic fibers and gives structural support for the viable epidermis ( Fig. 3) (McGrath et al, 2008). Due to the unique properties of the SC, efficient skin absorption is only obtained with rather small drugs (molecular weight ≤ 500 Da, total cutoff 800 Da) which also exhibit a moderate lipophilicity (log P = 1-3) (Brown et al, 2006(Brown et al, , 2008.…”

Section: Skin Physiology and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in topical delivery of proteins and peptides mediated by soft matter nanocarriers

Witting

Obst

Frieß

et al. 2015

Biotechnology Advances

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“…In addition, the skin prevents the uncontrolled loss of water and minerals and protects the human body against hypothermia. Finally, the skin is responsible for the production of vitamin D [46,47].…”

Section: Structure Of the Human Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoprotection in changing times – UV filter efficacy and safety, sensitization processes and regulatory aspects

Stiefel

Schwack

2014

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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SynopsisAs excessive sun exposure is tightly associated with different pathological changes of the skin, for example premature skin ageing or the development of skin cancer, an appropriate protection of the skin against UV radiation is of particular importance. Sun protection products and UV filter substances have evolved continuously in the past few decades. New developments and improved technical conditions of production have led to increasingly effective and efficient products with broadband protection ability. Accordingly, legal requirements have also changed and expanded. Although certain trends exist to harmonize the regulation of sunscreens at a global level, there are still large differences how UV absorbers are approved, which testing methods are prescribed, and which general requirements sun protection products must fulfil. Modern UV filters provide efficient protection against UVA and UVB radiation, are heat and photostable, user-friendly, cost-effective, water resistant and non-toxic. As inorganic and organic UV filters are topically applied to the skin in relatively high concentrations (up to 25%), especially the assessment of their (photo)sensitization potential is of particular importance. Accordingly, skin sensitization is a key endpoint for the legally required safety assessment of cosmetic ingredients in Europe and many other countries. This review will summarize the current regulatory status of different approved UV filters, will describe their beneficial and adverse properties and will give an overview of how the efficacy of sunscreens can be evaluated. Finally, an insight into the basic mechanism of (photo)allergic reactions and existing skin sensitization test methods will be provided.R esum e Puisque l'exposition excessive au soleil est etroitement associ ee a diff erents changements pathologiques de la peau, par exemple le vieillissement pr ematur e de la peau ou le d eveloppement du cancer de la peau, une protection appropri ee de la peau contre les rayons UV rel eve d'une importance particuli ere. Les produits de protection solaire et de substances filtrant les UV n'ont cess e d' evoluer au cours des derni eres d ecennies. Les nouveaux d eveloppements et les conditions techniques am elior ees de production ont conduit a des produits de plus en plus efficaces et efficients avec une capacit e de protection a large bande. Par cons equent, les exigences l egales ont egalement chang e et se sont elargies. Bien que certaines tendances existent pour harmoniser la r eglementation des ecrans solaires a l' echelle mondiale, il persistent encore de grandes diff erences sur la question comment les filtres UV sont approuv es, sur les m ethodes d'essai prescrits, et quelles exigences g en erales les produits de protection solaire doivent respecter. Les filtres UV modernes offrent une protection efficace contre les rayons UVA et UVB, ils sont photo-et thermostables, agr eables a l'usage et abordables, ils r esistant a l'eau et sont non toxiques. Puisque les filtres UV organiques et inorganiques sont a...

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Anatomy and Organization of Human Skin

Cited by 151 publications

References 639 publications

Somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold may help to differentiate patients with multiple system atrophy from patients with Parkinson's disease

Somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold may help to differentiate patients with multiple system atrophy from patients with Parkinson's disease

Recent advances in topical delivery of proteins and peptides mediated by soft matter nanocarriers

Photoprotection in changing times – UV filter efficacy and safety, sensitization processes and regulatory aspects

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