Ancestry of Amerindians and its Impact in Anthropology, Transplantation, HLA Pharmacogenomics and Epidemiology by HLA Study in Wiwa Colombian Population

Arnaiz‐Villena, Antonio; Muñiz, Ester; Palacio-Grüber, José; Campos, Cristina; Alonso-Rubio, Javier; Gómez-Casado, Eduardo; Lopez-Pacheco, Filogonio; Martin-Villa, José Manuel; Silvera, Carlos

doi:10.2174/1874220301603010269

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(114 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, HLA-G* 01:05N allele is in linkage disequilibrium with the HLA-A*30:01-B*13:02 haplotype, which is prevalent in Middle East and some Mediterranean populations. This haplotype may have been introduced in Spain by Muslim invaders in the eighth century AD or long before, when Saharan migrations took place from Saharan Desert to the Mediterranean Basin due to hyperarid climatic conditions beginning about 10,000-6,000 years ago [38,[104][105][106][107]. HLA-G*01:05N "founder effect" could place Middle East as the origin of this allele, because it contains the highest World reported frequencies [62].…”

Section: Hla-g*01:05n -G*01:01 and -G*01:04 Alleles World Distributio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and molecular interactions of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-G, -E and -F genes

Arnaiz‐Villena

Suárez-Trujillo

Juárez

et al. 2022

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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Classical HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) is the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) in man. HLA genes and disease association has been studied at least since 1967 and no firm pathogenic mechanisms have been established yet. HLA-G immune modulation gene (and also -E and -F) are starting the same arduous way: statistics and allele association are the trending subjects with the same few results obtained by HLA classical genes, i.e., no pathogenesis may be discovered after many years of a great amount of researchers’ effort. Thus, we believe that it is necessary to follow different research methodologies: (1) to approach this problem, based on how evolution has worked maintaining together a cluster of immune-related genes (the MHC) in a relatively short chromosome area since amniotes to human at least, i.e., immune regulatory genes (MHC-G, -E and -F), adaptive immune classical class I and II genes, non-adaptive immune genes like (C2, C4 and Bf) (2); in addition to using new in vitro models which explain pathogenetics of HLA and disease associations. In fact, this evolution may be quite reliably studied during about 40 million years by analyzing the evolution of MHC-G, -E, -F, and their receptors (KIR—killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, NKG2—natural killer group 2-, or TCR-T-cell receptor—among others) in the primate evolutionary lineage, where orthology of these molecules is apparently established, although cladistic studies show that MHC-G and MHC-B genes are the ancestral class I genes, and that New World apes MHC-G is paralogous and not orthologous to all other apes and man MHC-G genes. In the present review, we outline past and possible future research topics: co-evolution of adaptive MHC classical (class I and II), non-adaptive (i.e., complement) and modulation (i.e., non-classical class I) immune genes may imply that the study of full or part of MHC haplotypes involving several loci/alleles instead of single alleles is important for uncovering HLA and disease pathogenesis. It would mainly apply to starting research on HLA-G extended haplotypes and disease association and not only using single HLA-G genetic markers.

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Section: Hla-g*01:05n -G*01:01 and -G*01:04 Alleles World Distributio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and molecular interactions of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-G, -E and -F genes

Arnaiz‐Villena

Suárez-Trujillo

Juárez

et al. 2022

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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“…HLA-G*01:05N allele DNA sequence may indicate that it was originated from the HLA-G*01:01:02 allele, following the deletion of the cysteine at the 129/130 codon, since its sequences are identical, except for such deletion [25]. In addition, HLA-G* 01:05N is associated with the HLA-A*30:01-B*13:02 haplotype prevalent in the Middle East and some Mediterranean populations, as it may have been introduced in Spain by Berber/Muslim invaders in the 8th century AD [13,14,23], or when the Mediterranean glacial refugee was established around 10,000 BC [65,66], which could place the Middle East as the origin of this mutation [44].…”

Section: Hla-g*01:05n In Amerindians: Comparison With Worldwide Populmentioning

confidence: 99%

HLA-G in Amerindians: Epidemiology and Worldwide Population Comparison

Arnaiz‐Villena¹,

Enríquez-de-Salamanca²,

Palacio-Grüber³

et al. 2018

MEDJ

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Background: HLA-G molecules are immunosuppressive and avoid fetal rejection by giving negative signals to maternal immune system from fetal trophoblast cell surface. HLA-G genes have been associated to different pathologies: Spontaneous abortions, autoimmunity, tumor progression, transplant rejection and infection. In addition, different World populations show remarkable different HLA-G allele frequencies in the allele that does not produce a full HLA-G molecule (HLA-G*05N); this allele is almost absent in studied Amerindians. Objectives: The aim is to study HLA-A.-B,-DRB1 and –G alleles and extended haplotypes in Amerindians for the first time. This may be useful to asses HLA-G epidemiology, association to disease and Preventive Medicine in Amerindians. Methods: HLA-A,-B and -DRB1 have been typed by using standard automatic protocols. HLA-G alleles have been detected by direct HLA-G exon 2, exon 3 and exon 4 DNA sequencing. Computer calculations have been done by specific standard methods. Results: HLA-A,-B,-DRB1 and –G extended haplotypes have been calculated in Amerindians for the first time. Also, their HLA-G frequencies have been compared with worldwide populations. Conclusion: Low frequencies of null HLA-G*01:05N allele are found in Amerindians. The extended haplotypes with this allele bear other typical Amerindian HLA-DRB1 alleles and its origin is discussed. HLA-G allele frequency profile is closer to that of Europeans than to that of Far East Asians. Our findings are useful to Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology associated to Fertility and HLA-G associated pathology and transplantation.

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“…: 1977 HLA-DRB1 alleles have been described up to December 2016 (Robinson et al 2015)). Due to the fact that HLA gene frequencies have both a large degree of variability and a remarkable geographical correlation, HLA genes are used as a powerful genetic markers to infer genetic background, ethnical composition of modern human populations and also for tracing migration of ancient ones: certain alleles are very frequent only in specific populations (some specific alleles and haplotypes in Amerindians (Arnaiz-Villena et al 2010;Arnaiz-Villena et al 2014;Arnaiz-Villena et al 2016a;Arnaiz-Villena et al 2016b)); and also, the strong linkage disequilibrium between HLA neighboring loci demonstrates that certain combinations of contiguous alleles (HLA haplotypes) show a characteristic frequency or are distinctive in certain living populations (Martinez-Laso et al 2001;Gonzalez-Galarza et al 2011). Thus, HLA genetic system is a unique tool for studying the origins of relatively isolated groups, like Azeris (also called Azerbaijanis) living not only in Azerbaijan but also in North Iran (Fig 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%