Ancient Grape Vitis vinifera L. cv 'Ekşi Kara in Anatolia

Abstract

Local and indigenous varieties are threatened with extinction and difficult to find, since only a few individuals remain (Zaki et al., 1996). Konya has 9906 ha area of vineyards, and 61535 tons grape production, usages 51% seeded raisin, 48% seeded table grapes, 1.5% wine, and 0.5% seedless raisin. Vineyard culture comes from ancient times and yield is up to 918 kg da-1. The main income in some villages of Hadim, Bozkır and Güneysınır towns is solely from vineyards as table grape, raisin, local products, and canned grape leaves for local and national market. Although many new cultivars have been introduced into this location in the last decades, almost no one has survived (Kara et al., 2016). 'Ekşi Kara' is one of the most important grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars grown on the Taurus Mountain in Middle Anatolia. It is registered in the Turkish Register of Grape Varieties and represented in the cultivation areas by some biotypes, each of which need cross pollination (Kara, 2015). The word "ampelography" by its derivation from ampelos-vine-and graphe-writing-means the description of vines (Bioletti, 1938). The ampelographic study of Turkish autochthonous varieties has a long history. A number of scientific investigations have been done (

Exploring genetic diversity and population structure of a large grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) germplasm collection in Türkiye

“…In recent years, Viticulture Research Institutes in Türkiye significantly contributed to the conservation and use of Turkish grapevine germplasm collections. Ampelographic descriptors have characterized some important genotypes ( Ates et al., 2011 ; Atak et al., 2014 ; Kara et al., 2018 ). Despite its high importance and implemented conservation strategies in Viticulture Research Institutes, molecular characterization of Turkish genotypes lagged behind other grape-producing countries.…”

Clonal Preselection in Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Varieties of Ekşi Kara and Gök Üzüm

“…Since there is a mixture of varieties at different levels in each vineyard, and in the observations made in the near harvest period, it has been evaluated that the differences in the berry shape and parthenocarpic fruit set ratios may be intra-variety variations. Therefore, the ampelographic descriptions of the cultivars (Kara et al 2016;Kara et al 2018) and the fertilization biology of the Ekşi Kara variety (Kara et al 2017a) and bud fertility (Kara et al 2017b) were examined. In a similar study (Muganu et al, 2019), the morphological characteristics of the Romanesco variety in Italy were characterized in five growth periods.…”

SNP-Based Analysis Reveals Authenticity and Genetic Similarity of Russian Indigenous V. vinifera Grape Cultivars

“…The only foreign variety here is Kara Oglan Faux, a Turkish cultivar from INRA-the French collection. Kara Oglan is another name for Ekşi Kara, old Anatolian variety [26]. However, this variety has a black skin, while the variety published by Laucou et al in database under the code B00F6O0 is white-skinned.…”