Androstanediol and 5-androstenediol profiling for detecting exogenously administered dihydrotestosterone, epitestosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone: Potential use in gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry

Shackleton, Cedric; Roitman, Esther; Phillips, Andy; Chang, Tony

doi:10.1016/s0039-128x(97)00065-2

Cited by 103 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…To distinguish between these natural elevated T/EpiT ratios and steroid misuse, longitudinal steroid profiles were established and are still used today [5][6][7]. As these are quite time-consuming and expensive, doping control laboratories started to discover, in the mid-1990s, the potential of gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS) to assist in making a more timely decision [8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stable isotopes of carbon, 13 C and 12 C, are then not uniformly distributed throughout all organic materials [14,15]. Consequently, steroids produced inside the body exhibit a different 13 C/ 12 C ratio than pharmaceutically produced steroids. The carbon isotope ratios (CIR) of endogenous steroids reflect the individual's diet (see "Factors influencing CIR of endogenous steroids") derived from a mixture of C 3 and C 4 plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The carbon isotope ratios (CIR) of endogenous steroids reflect the individual's diet (see "Factors influencing CIR of endogenous steroids") derived from a mixture of C 3 and C 4 plants. Pharmaceutically produced T, in contrast, is obtained from one plant material, namely the C 4 plant soy, and therefore in most cases shows depleted 13 C/ 12 C ratios. CIR are expressed as δ 13 C values against the international standard Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB) based on the equation …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent developments in the use of isotope ratio mass spectrometry in sports drug testing

Piper¹,

Emery²,

Saugy³

2011

Anal Bioanal Chem

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According to the annual report of the World Anti-Doping Agency, steroids are the most frequently detected class of doping agents. Detecting the misuse of endogenously occurring steroids, i.e. steroids such as testosterone that are produced naturally by humans, is one of the most challenging issues in doping control analysis. The established thresholds for urinary concentrations or concentration ratios such as the testosterone/epitestosterone quotient are sometimes inconclusive owing to the large biological variation in these parameters.For more than 15 years, doping control laboratories focused on the carbon isotope ratios of endogenous steroids to distinguish between naturally elevated steroid profile parameters and illicit administration of steroids. A variety of different methods has been developed throughout the last decade and the number of different steroids under investigation by isotope ratio mass spectrometry has recently grown considerably. Besides norandrosterone, boldenone was found to occur endogenously in rare cases and the misuse of corticosteroids or epitestosterone can now be detected with the aid of carbon isotope ratios as well. In addition, steroids excreted as sulfoconjugates were investigated, and the first results regarding hydrogen isotope ratios recently became available.All of these will be presented in detail within this review together with some considerations on validation issues and on identification of parameters influencing steroidal isotope ratios in urine.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent developments in the use of isotope ratio mass spectrometry in sports drug testing

Piper¹,

Emery²,

Saugy³

2011

Anal Bioanal Chem

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“…[26] The use of androstandiols as target TC has also been proposed in order to increase the detection capacity using a quite laborious sample preparation procedure based on solid phase extraction for sample purification of the acetylated compounds [27,28] or by removing the urinary keto steroid fraction. [29] None of these approaches, although efficient, can always guarantee the purity of the extracts. The method here proposed, is based on the underivatized androstandiols analysis, using HPLC as purification procedure as required by WADA technical document.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast IRMS screening of pseudoendogenous steroids in doping analyses

Torre

Colamonici

Curcio

et al. 2017

Drug Testing and Analysis

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The detection of the abuse of pseudoendogenous steroids (testosterone and/or its precursors) is currently based, when possible, on the application of the steroid module of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), athlete biological passport (ABP), implemented through the global database, ADAMS. When a suspicious sample is detected, the confirmation by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) is required. It is well known that this confirmation procedure is time consuming and expensive and can be only applied on a reduced number of samples. In previous studies we have demonstrated that the longitudinal evaluation of the IRMS data is able to detect positive samples that otherwise will be evaluated as negative, improving the efficacy of the fight against doping in sport. This would require the analysis of a much larger volume of samples by IRMS. The aim of the present work is to describe an IRMS screening method allowing to increase the throughput of samples that can be analyzed by IRMS. The detection efficacy of the method is compared with the confirmation method in use, and to assess its robustness and applicability, all the samples of a major cycling stage competition were analyzed, with the agreement of the testing authority, under routine conditions and response times. The results obtained permit to conclude that the IRMS screening method here proposed has adequate selectivity and produces results that overlap with the already validated method currently in use permitting to analyze a much higher volume of samples even during a major event without compromising the detection capacity.

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“…A commercially available crude preparation of H. pomatia sulfatase is widely used for analytical purposes (e.g., [5][6][7]. Puri® cationof sulfatase activity fromH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and Characterization of Two cDNAs Encoding Sulfatases in the Roman Snail, Helix pomatia

Wittstock¹,

Fischer²,

Svendsen

et al. 2000

IUBMB Life

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SummaryThe sulfatase from the snail Helix pomatia is widely used for analytical applications. We have investigated the content of sulfatases in H. pomatia, using a biochemical and a molecular approach. A 112-kDa protein from the intestinal juice of H. pomatia comigrated with sulfatase activity when chromatographed on Sephacryl S300 and concanavalin A-Sepharose. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the protein was similar to one of three sulfatase motifs de ned by sequence alignment of known sulfatases. Degenerate primers designed from the motifs and the N-terminal amino acid sequence obtained were used to generate PCR fragments and to isolate both a full-length and a 3 0 -truncated cDNA encoding H. pomatia sulfatases, designated SULF1 and SULF2. SULF1 consists of 503 amino acids and shows 53-55% identity to the mammalian arylsulfatase B. The amino acid sequence deduced from the 878-bp SULF2 cDNA fragment is 55% identical with SULF1. Both SULF1 and SULF2 contain the cysteine residue conserved in the active site of many sulfatases, which is known to be posttranslationally modi ed into formylglycine in eukaryotic sulfatases. However, the SULF1 and SULF2 cDNAs do not code for the protein puri ed. This indicates the presence of at least three sulfatase genes in H. pomatia.

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Androstanediol and 5-androstenediol profiling for detecting exogenously administered dihydrotestosterone, epitestosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone: Potential use in gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry

Cited by 103 publications

References 16 publications

Recent developments in the use of isotope ratio mass spectrometry in sports drug testing

Recent developments in the use of isotope ratio mass spectrometry in sports drug testing

Fast IRMS screening of pseudoendogenous steroids in doping analyses

Cloning and Characterization of Two cDNAs Encoding Sulfatases in the Roman Snail, Helix pomatia

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