Anemia Detection by Hemoglobin Quantification on Contrast-enhanced                     Photon-counting CT Data Sets

Decker, Josua A.; Huber, Adrian; Senel, Fevzi; Bette, Stefanie; Braun, Franziska; Risch, Franka; Woźnicki, Piotr; Becker, Judith; Popp, Daniel; Haerting, Mark; Jehs, Bertram; Rippel, Katharina; Wollny, Claudia; Scheurig-Muenkler, Christian; Kröncke, Thomas; Schwarz, Florian

doi:10.1148/radiol.220063

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…[14][15][16][17] The recently introduced photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) technology is especially promising in this regard because of its routine acquisition of spectral data. 18,19 From these, high-keV VMI reconstructions can be derived, which should reduce dental artifacts. This study investigates the extent to which dental artifacts are influenced by keV level choice in VMI reconstructions, kernel choice, and the use or nonuse of an iterative metal artifact reduction (IMAR) reconstruction.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Several techniques have been developed to mitigate these artifacts, most commonly based on iterative reconstruction algorithms, 10,11 virtual monoenergetic imaging (VMI) reconstructions from multienergy imaging data, 4,5,12,13 or a combination thereof 14–17 . The recently introduced photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) technology is especially promising in this regard because of its routine acquisition of spectral data 18,19 . From these, high-keV VMI reconstructions can be derived, which should reduce dental artifacts.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Artifact Reduction From Dental Material in Photon-Counting Detector Computed Tomography Data Sets Based on High-keV Monoenergetic Imaging and Iterative Metal Artifact Reduction Reconstructions—Can We Combine the Best of Two Worlds?

et al. 2023

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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of common strategies for artifact reduction of dental material in photon-counting detector computed tomography data sets.Materials and MethodsPatients with dental material who underwent clinically indicated CT of the neck were enrolled. Image series were reconstructed using a standard and sharp kernel, with and without iterative metal artifact reduction (IMAR) (Qr40, Qr40IMAR, Qr60, Qr60IMAR) at different virtual monoenergetic imaging (VMI) levels (40–190 keV). On representative slice positions with and without dental artifacts, mean and standard deviation of CT values were measured in all series at identical locations. The mean absolute error of CT values ( ∆falseHU¯) and the artifact index (AIX) were calculated and analyzed focusing on 3 main comparisons: (a) different VMI levels versus 70 keV, (b) standard versus sharp kernel, and (c) nonuse or use of IMAR reconstruction. The Wilcoxon test was used to assess differences for nonparametric data.ResultsThe final cohort comprised 50 patients. Artifact measures decreased for VMI levels >70 keV, yet only significantly so for reconstructions using IMAR (maximum reduction, 25%). The higher image noise of the sharp versus standard kernel is reflected in higher AIX values and is more pronounced in IMAR series (maximum increase, 38%). The most profound artifact reduction was observed for IMAR reconstructions (maximum reduction ∆falseHU¯: 84%; AIX: 90%).ConclusionsMetal artifacts caused by large amounts of dental material can be substantially reduced by IMAR, regardless of kernel choice or VMI settings. Increasing the keV level of VMI series, on the other hand, only slightly reduces dental artifacts; this effect, however, is additive to the benefit conferred by IMAR reconstructions.

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Artifact Reduction From Dental Material in Photon-Counting Detector Computed Tomography Data Sets Based on High-keV Monoenergetic Imaging and Iterative Metal Artifact Reduction Reconstructions—Can We Combine the Best of Two Worlds?

et al. 2023

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“…Furthermore, diagnostic image quality of VNC images as determined by two independent readers was achieved in 99 and 100% of cases, respectively. 76 The clinical benefits of the routine availability of VNC images and iodine maps from PCD-CT include, among others, emphysema quantification from VNC images, 77 assessment of adrenal adenomas from VNC images, 78 anemia detection and quantification from VNC images 79 and myocardial extracellular volume quantification based on iodine maps from a single cardiac late enhancement scan. 70 Beyond the opportunities discussed above, PCD-CT harbors further potential in terms of improved and novel spectral imaging applications.…”

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confidence: 99%

Photon-counting detector CT: early clinical experience review

Sartoretti

Wildberger

Flohr

et al. 2023

BJR

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Since its development in the 1970’s, X-ray computed tomography (CT) has emerged as a landmark diagnostic imaging modality of modern medicine. Technological advances have been crucial to the success of CT imaging, as they have increasingly enabled improvements in image quality and diagnostic value at increasing radiation dose efficiency. With recent advances in engineering and physics, a novel technology has emerged with the potential to surpass several shortcomings and limitations of current CT systems. Photon-counting detector (PCD)-CT might substantially improve and expand the applicability of CT imaging by offering intrinsic spectral capabilities, increased spatial resolution, reduced electronic noise and improved image contrast. In this review we sought to summarize the first clinical experience of PCD-CT. We focused on most recent prototype and first clinically approved PCD-CT systems thereby reviewing initial publications and presenting corresponding clinical cases.

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“…1), VMIs, or images where materials of a specific atomic number are color coded to indicate their composition. Materials can also be subtracted from the data to form virtual noncontrast or virtual noncalcium images, 22,29 and its clinical utility has been demonstrated in multiple studies 30–38 …”

Section: Pcd-ct Is Inherently Multienergymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Materials can also be subtracted from the data to form virtual noncontrast or virtual noncalcium images, 22,29 and its clinical utility has been demonstrated in multiple studies. [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Material maps are CT images representing the mass density of the material of interest (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Pcd-ct Is Inherently Multienergymentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardization and Quantitative Imaging With Photon-Counting Detector CT

2023

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Computed tomography (CT) images display anatomic structures across 3 dimensions and are highly quantitative; they are the reference standard for 3-dimensional geometric measurements and are used for 3-dimensional printing of anatomic models and custom implants, as well as for radiation therapy treatment planning. The pixel intensity in CT images represents the linear x-ray attenuation coefficient of the imaged materials after linearly scaling the coefficients into a quantity known as CT numbers that is conveyed in Hounsfield units. When measured with the same scanner model, acquisition, and reconstruction parameters, the mean CT number of a material is highly reproducible, and quantitative applications of CT scanning that rely on the measured CT number, such as for assessing bone mineral density or coronary artery calcification, are well established. However, the strong dependence of CT numbers on x-ray beam spectra limits quantitative applications and standardization from achieving robust widespread success. This article reviews several quantitative applications of CT and the challenges they face, and describes the benefits brought by photon-counting detector (PCD) CT technology. The discussed benefits of PCD-CT include that it is inherently multienergy, expands material decomposition capabilities, and improves spatial resolution and geometric quantification. Further, the utility of virtual monoenergetic images to standardize CT numbers is discussed, as virtual monoenergetic images can be the default image type in PCD-CT due to the full-time spectral nature of the technology.

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Anemia Detection by Hemoglobin Quantification on Contrast-enhanced Photon-counting CT Data Sets

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Artifact Reduction From Dental Material in Photon-Counting Detector Computed Tomography Data Sets Based on High-keV Monoenergetic Imaging and Iterative Metal Artifact Reduction Reconstructions—Can We Combine the Best of Two Worlds?

Artifact Reduction From Dental Material in Photon-Counting Detector Computed Tomography Data Sets Based on High-keV Monoenergetic Imaging and Iterative Metal Artifact Reduction Reconstructions—Can We Combine the Best of Two Worlds?

Photon-counting detector CT: early clinical experience review

Standardization and Quantitative Imaging With Photon-Counting Detector CT

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