Anemia e níveis de hemoglobina em crianças indígenas Xavante, Brasil Central

Abstract

ABSTRACT:Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of anemia, mean hemoglobin levels, and the main nutritional, demographic, and socioeconomic factors among Xavante children in Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Methods: A survey was conducted with children under 10 years of age in two indigenous Xavante communities within the Pimentel Barbosa Indigenous Reserve. Hemoglobin concentration levels, anthropometric measurements, and socioeconomic/demographic data were collected by means of clinical measurements and structured interviews. The cut-off points recommended by the World Health Organization were used for anemia classification. Linear regression analyses with hemoglobin as the outcome and Poisson regression with robust variance and with the presence or absence of anemia as outcomes were performed (95%CI). Results: Lower mean hemoglobin values were observed in children under 2 years of age, without a significant difference between sexes. Anemia was observed among 50.8% of children overall, with the highest prevalence among children under 2 years of age (77.8%). Age of the child was inversely associated with the occurrence of anemia (adjusted PR = 0.60; 95%CI 0.38-0.95) and mean hemoglobin values increased significantly with age. Greater height-for-age z-score values reduced the probability of having anemia by 1.8 times (adjusted PR = 0.59; 95%CI 0.34-1.00). Presence of another child with anemia within the household increased the probability of the occurrence of anemia by 52.9% (adjusted PR = 1.89; 95%CI 1.16-3.09). Conclusion: Elevated levels of anemia among Xavante children reveal a disparity between this Indigenous population and the national Brazilian population. Results suggest that anemia is determined by complex and variable relationships between socioeconomic, sociodemographic, and biological factors.

Excesso de peso em crianças indígenas Xukuru do Ororubá, Pernambuco, Brasil: magnitude e fatores associados

“…Resultados de trabalhos realizados com crianças indígenas no Brasil nos últimos 20 anos, compactuam que os principais problemas em relação ao estado nutricional infantil estão relacionados a carências nutricionais, como anemia, baixo peso e déficit de crescimento 6,7,8,9 . A única pesquisa nacional (I Inquérito Nacional de Saúde e Nutrição dos Povos Indígenas) que avaliou especificamente essa população identificou que a prevalência de déficit de crescimento atingia cerca de um quarto das crianças indígenas do país, sendo o Nordeste a região com os menores valores percentuais.…”

Mortality and years of life lost by colorectal cancer attributable to physical inactivity in Brazil (1990–2015): Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study

“…Colon and rectum cancer (called colorectal cancer) is the third most lethal type of cancer in women and the fourth in men in Brazil [ 1 ]. In the United States, this type of cancer is the second most lethal [ 2 ].…”

Condições sanitárias entre domicílios indígenas e não indígenas no Brasil de acordo com os Censos nacionais de 2000 e 2010

“…As observed in the present study, such studies often point to the precariousness of basic sanitation services in indigenous households 4,[14][15][16] . Taken together, the available studies tend to reveal a morbidity/mortality pattern for the indigenous population in Brazil that is characterized by a high proportion of early deaths, concentrated among children under five, largely due to exposure to infectious and parasitic diseases [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] .…”

“…Although there is a legal framework that emphasizes and protects sociocultural specificities, the inadequacy of basic sanitation services is pronounced in indigenous lands in Brazil 4, [14][15][16] . Within this context, several studies have emphasized the prominence of infectious and parasitic diseases and nutritional deficiencies in the epidemiological profile of indigenous people in Brazil; such diseases are even more pronounced in indigenous peoples than in the nonindigenous population [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] .…”