Anesthesia for burns

Bag-Mask Ventilation

“…Upper airway efficiently dissipates heat, and reflex glottic closure occurs. Lower airway injury below vocal cords occurs with (1) steam inhalation (heat capacity 4,000 times that of air), ( 2 (Capan et al 1991;Lovich-Sapola 2008;Herndon et al 1987 (Capan et al 1991;Lovich-Sapola 2008;Herndon et al 1987).…”

“…Stress ("Curling") ulcers may occur and correlates with % TBSA burn. Gastritis and duodenitis can occur within 12 h, and ulceration within 72 h. To keep gastric pH >7.0 and decrease GI bleeding, antacids, H 2 blockers, and frequent enteral feedings are methods of therapy (Capan et al 1991;Lovich-Sapola 2008;Langley and Sim 2002).…”

“…Hyperglycemia should be monitored the first 24 h postburn. Similar to adults, reliable indicators of resuscitation are mental status, vital signs, pulse pressure, urine output, body temperature, color of the distal extremities, and capillary refill (Capan et al 1991;Langley and Sim 2002;Lovich-Sapola 2008).…”

Blood Transfusion

“…If Hb or myoglobin is in the urine, urine alkalinization is needed to prevent their deposition in the kidney. After resuscitation phase, a decrease in UO may indicate sepsis (Capan et al 1991;Lovich-Sapola 2008;Langley and Sim 2002).…”

“…Later, sepsis can decrease glucose synthesis. Acute hypoglycemia may indicate sepsis and/or acute liver failure (Capan et al 1991;Lovich-Sapola 2008;Langley and Sim 2002).…”