Angiogenesis in the lung

Abstract

Both systemic (tracheal and bronchial) and pulmonary circulations perfuse the lung. However, documentation of angiogenesis of either is complicated by the presence of the other. Well-documented angiogenesis of the systemic circulations have been identified in asthma, cystic fibrosis, chronic thromboembolism and primary carcinomas. Angiogenesis of the vasa vasorum, which are branches of bronchial arteries, is seen in the walls of large pulmonary vessels after a period of chronic hypoxia. Documentation of increased pulmonary capillaries has been shown in models of chronic hypoxia, after pneumonectomy and in some carcinomas. Although endothelial cell proliferation may occur as part of the repair process in several pulmonary diseases, it is separate from the unique establishment of new functional perfusing networks defined as angiogenesis. Identification of the mechanisms driving the expansion of new vascular beds in the adult needs further investigation. Yet the growth factors and molecular mechanisms of lung angiogenesis remain difficult to separate from underlying disease sequelae.

Pulmonary artery and lung parenchymal growth following early versus delayed stent interventions in a swine pulmonary artery stenosis model

“…This would suggest that stent interventions, regardless of timing, do not completely address the lung remodeling that occurs in response to PAS. Detailed ultrastructural and molecular studies defining the pulmonary microvascular remodeling 42,43 that occurs in association with PAS and stent interventions are needed to inform future alternative approaches to targeted PAS therapies.…”

Pathological angiogenesis and inflammation in tissues

“…Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is linked with angiogenesis because research has shown the presence of neutrophil-activating peptide-78 in IPF patients and increased angiogenesis in bleomycin-induced IPF in rats (Cui et al 2010). Angiogenic growth factors VEGF-A, VEGF-C, bFGF, and placental growth factor (PLGF) have been found to be increased in cystic fibrosis patients (Eldridge and Wagner 2019). Moreover, SRY-related HMGbox 18 (SOX18), a transcriptional regulator of angiogenesis, is involved in asthma exacerbation (Hong et al 2020).…”

“…Moreover, SRY-related HMGbox 18 (SOX18), a transcriptional regulator of angiogenesis, is involved in asthma exacerbation (Hong et al 2020). Moreover, increased VEGF, its receptors, and Ang-1 were found elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthmatic subjects (Eldridge and Wagner 2019). More recently, EC injury, damaged endothelium, abnormal (intussusceptive) angiogenesis, and enhanced sprouting angiogenesis in the lungs have been closely associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (Ackermann et al 2020).…”

From Mouse to Man and Back: Closing the Correlation Gap between Imaging and Histopathology for Lung Diseases

“…Group of disorders known as pulmonary vascular disease (PVD), such as pulmonary arterial hypertension or pulmonary embolism, significantly affect blood flow in the pulmonary circulation system resulting in severe disability or death [ 108 ], warranting towards the important vascular component in lung disorders. High resolution ex vivo µCT can visualize pathological angiogenesis, present in chronic thromboembolism, asthma, cystic fibrosis and especially in primary tumors [ 109 , 110 ].…”