Angle-dependent discoloration structures in wing scales of Morpho menelaus butterfly

Niu, Shichao; Li, Bo; Ye, Junfeng; Mu, Zhengzhi; Zhang, Junqiu; Liu, Yan; Han, Zhiwu

doi:10.1007/s11431-016-6007-4

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The heat absorbed by butterflies is used mainly for autonomous flight and it is directly involved with reproductive behavior (Shreeve, 1992;Kemp and Krockenberger, 2004;Bennett et al, 2012;Bonebrake et al, 2014;Kleckova et al, 2014;Mattila 2015;Shanks et al, 2015;Han et al, 2016;Niu et al, 2016). In Bicyclus anynana, active males increase their own likelihood of copulation and active females increase their likelihood of being courted (Westerman et al, 2014).…”

Section: Effects Of the Light Intensity On Heat Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #1 of "Capacity for heat absorption by the wings of the butterfly Tirumala limniace (Cramer) (v0.3)"

2019

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The answer to this scientific question remains unclear. The butterfly Tirumala limniace (Cramer) is a typical heat absorption insect, and its wing surface color is only composed of light and dark color. Thus, in this study, we measured a number of wing traits relevant for heat absorption including the thoracic temperature at different light intensities and wing opening angles, the thoracic temperature of butterflies with only one right fore wing or one right hind wing; In addition, the spectral reflectance of the wing surfaces, the thoracic temperature of butterflies with the scales removed or present in light or dark areas, and the real-time changes in heat absorption by the wing surfaces with temperature were also measured. We found that high intensity light (600-60000 lx) allowed the butterflies to absorb more heat and 60−90° was the optimal angle for heat absorption. The heat absorption capacity was stronger in the fore wings than the hind wings. Dark areas on the wing surfaces were heat absorption areas. The dark areas in the lower region of the fore wing surface and the inside region of the hind wing surface were heat storage areas. Heat was transferred from the heat storage areas to the wing base through the veins near the heat storage areas of the fore and hind wings.

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Section: Effects Of the Light Intensity On Heat Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #1 of "Capacity for heat absorption by the wings of the butterfly Tirumala limniace (Cramer) (v0.3)"

2019

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“…Butterflies primarily absorb heat via their wings (Shanks et al, 2015; Han et al, 2016; Niu et al, 2016). When adult butterflies require heat for autonomous flight, they adjust their body posture and either fully expand their wings or angle them to allow the optimal absorption of sunlight, where the heat absorbed is then transferred to the thoracic muscles to enable flight (Heinrich, 1990; Huey, Hertz & Sinervo, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacity for heat absorption by the wings of the butterflyTirumala limniace(Cramer)

Liao

Zhang

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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Butterflies can directly absorb heat from the sun via their wings to facilitate autonomous flight. However, how is the heat absorbed by the butterfly from sunlight stored and transmitted in the wing? The answer to this scientific question remains unclear. The butterfly Tirumala limniace (Cramer) is a typical heat absorption insect, and its wing surface color is only composed of light and dark colors. Thus, in this study, we measured a number of wing traits relevant for heat absorption including the thoracic temperature at different light intensities and wing opening angles, the thoracic temperature of butterflies with only one right fore wing or one right hind wing; In addition, the spectral reflectance of the wing surfaces, the thoracic temperature of butterflies with the scales removed or present in light or dark areas, and the real-time changes in heat absorption by the wing surfaces with temperature were also measured. We found that high intensity light (600–60,000 lx) allowed the butterflies to absorb more heat and 60−90° was the optimal angle for heat absorption. The heat absorption capacity was stronger in the fore wings than the hind wings. Dark areas on the wing surfaces were heat absorption areas. The dark areas in the lower region of the fore wing surface and the inside region of the hind wing surface were heat storage areas. Heat was transferred from the heat storage areas to the wing base through the veins near the heat storage areas of the fore and hind wings.

show abstract

Section: Effects Of the Light Intensity On Heat Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Butterflies primarily absorb heat via their wings (Shanks et al, 2015;Han et al, 2016;Niu et al, 2016). When adult butterflies require heat for autonomous flight, they adjust their body posture and either fully expand their wings or angle them to allow the optimal absorption of sunlight, where the heat absorbed is then transferred to the thoracic muscles to enable flight (Heinrich, 1990;Huey et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When adult butterflies require heat for autonomous flight, they adjust their body posture and either fully expand their wings or angle them to allow the optimal absorption of sunlight, where the heat absorbed is then transferred to the thoracic muscles to enable flight (Heinrich, 1990;Huey et al, 2003). Some studies indicate that the angle of the incoming sunlight and the wing opening angle can both significantly influence the rate and amount of heat absorption in butterflies (Plattner, 2004;Shanks et al, 2015;Niu et al, 2016). Indeed, heat absorption is important, but it has to be modulated via behavior to avoid overheating (Kingsolver, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supplemental Information 2: Data of Heat Absorption of Butterflies With Only One Right Fore Wing or Only One Right Hind Wing Un

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Butterflies can directly absorb heat from the sun via their wings to facilitate autonomous flight. However, how is the heat absorbed by the butterfly from sunlight stored and transmitted in the wing? The answer to this scientific question remains unclear. The butterfly Tirumala limniace (Cramer) is a typical heat absorption insect, and its wing surface color is only composed of light and dark color. Thus, in this study, we measured a number of wing traits relevant for heat absorption including the thoracic temperature at different light intensities and wing opening angles, the thoracic temperature of butterflies with only one right fore wing or one right hind wing, the spectral reflectance of the wing surfaces, the thoracic temperature of butterflies with the scales removed or not in light or dark areas, and the real-time changes in heat absorption by the wing surfaces with temperature. High intensity light (600-60000 lx) allowed the butterflies to absorb more heat and 60−90° was the optimal angle for heat absorption. The heat absorption capacity was stronger in the fore wings than the hind wings. Dark areas on the wing surfaces were heat absorption areas. The dark areas in the lower region of the fore wing surface and the inside region of the hind wing surface were heat storage areas. Heat was transferred from the heat storage areas to the wing base through the veins near the heat storage areas of the fore and hind wings.

show abstract

Angle-dependent discoloration structures in wing scales of Morpho menelaus butterfly

Cited by 16 publications

References 48 publications

Peer Review #1 of "Capacity for heat absorption by the wings of the butterfly Tirumala limniace (Cramer) (v0.3)"

Peer Review #1 of "Capacity for heat absorption by the wings of the butterfly Tirumala limniace (Cramer) (v0.3)"

Capacity for heat absorption by the wings of the butterflyTirumala limniace(Cramer)

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