Research on corrosion-resistant polymer coatings has attracted scientists in both academia and industry to prevent corrosion-related damage in modern industrial equipment and to extend the working life of industrial metallic surfaces. To achieve realistic applications, diverse methodologies have been designed to magnify the anticorrosion efficiency of these coatings. The current review describes the conventional and advanced methods utilized for the synthesis of corrosion-resistant polymer coatings. The main intent of this review article is to provide an overview of the design and preparation of anticorrosive polymer coatings with important examples. The promising anticorrosion applications of self-healing polymer coatings for metallic materials and alloys are highlighted. The advantage of a superhydrophobic surface to prevent the corrosion of the materials is discussed. A brief discussion over the anticorrosion mechanism of conducting polymer coatings is also provided. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives to prolong the anticorrosion performance of these coatings are also addressed.