Animal models for studying homeopathy and high dilutions: Conceptual critical review

Bonamin, Leoni Villano; Endler, Peter Christian

doi:10.1016/j.homp.2009.11.003

Cited by 45 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Nevertheless, in the recent scientific literature about homeopathy, there are many studies searching to demonstrate the efficacy of its effect, but few works are devoted to the comprehension of physiopathological changes in tissues after the exposition of animals to these medicines [6, 27, 28]. Is from this point of view that the present work was built; through a detailed study of the inflamed connective tissue, considering the subsets of cells that migrate to it, the vessels behavior, and time-dependent dynamic of this process under the action of Arnica montana 6cH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This particular feature is one of the most difficult challenges of the scientific research in this field because of the technical difficulty of its experimental demonstration. Indeed, few experimental studies about are found in the literature [1–6]. Thus, the experimental demonstration of this particularity and the comprehension of its mechanisms can be useful tools to solve the chronic controversies about homeopathy efficacy, often seen in clinical trials [7, 8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inflammatory Process Modulation by Homeopathic Arnica montana 6CH: The Role of Individual Variation

Kawakami¹,

Sato²,

Cardoso³

et al. 2011

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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The effects of Arnica montana 6cH on the individual modulation of acute inflammation kinetics in rats were evaluated. Adult male Wistar rats were inoculated with 1% carrageenan into the footpad and treated with Arnica montana 6cH, dexamethasone (4.0 mg/kg; positive control) or 5% hydroalcoholic solution (negative control), per os, each 15 minutes, between 30 and 180 minutes after the irritant inoculation. Histopathological and immunohistochemistry procedures were done in order to get a panel of inflammatory positive cells for CD3 (T lymphocytes), CD45RA (B lymphocytes), CD18 (beta 2 integrin), CD163 (ED2 protein), CD54 (ICAM-1), and MAC 387 (monocytes and macrophages). The statistical treatment of data included a posteriori classification of animals from each group (N = 20) in two subgroups presenting spontaneous precocious or late oedema. Animals that presented precocious oedema were less responsible to Arnica montana 6cH in relation to hemodynamic changes. Instead, rats that exhibited late oedema presented less intense oedema (P = .01), lower percentage of mast cell degranulation (P = .0001), and increase in lymphatic vessels diameter (P = .05). The data suggest an individually qualitative adjustment of inflammatory vascular events by Arnica montana 6cH.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Process Modulation by Homeopathic Arnica montana 6CH: The Role of Individual Variation

Kawakami¹,

Sato²,

Cardoso³

et al. 2011

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…preparations of their enantiomers (enantiomer: either of a pair of optical isomers that are mirror images of each other). These experiments constituted the first time such stereochemical considerations had been tested in homeopathic research [1]. This was confirmed by examination at the Australian, US, and European patent offices in relation to PCT/AU2003/000219 [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

A review of use of enantiomers in homeopathy

Kuzeff

2014

Homeopathy

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This paper reviews publications of laboratory experiments using pairs of enantiomers in homeopathy. Many molecules in nature have geometry which enables them to exist as nonsuperimposable mirror images or enantiomers. Modulation of toxicity of such molecules provides possibility for therapeutics, since they target multiple points in biochemical pathways. It was hypothesized that toxicity of a chemical agent could be counteracted by a homeopathic preparation of the enantiomer of the chemical agent (patents applied for: PCT/AU2003/000219-PCT/AU2008/001611). A diverse body of data, including controlled laboratory studies, supports the conclusion that toxicity of optical isomers may be inhibited by homeopathic enantiomer preparations. These data were obtained with minimal or no pretesting to determine optimal test solutions. Inhibition of the excitotoxic neurotransmitter Lglutamic acid with homeopathic preparations of D-glutamic acid indicates the latter may be of use for amelioration of symptoms of disturbances of mood. Similarly, homeopathic preparation of (+)-nicotine may be of use for inhibition of effects of nicotine in tobacco.

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“…The pure water (vehicle) was chosen as negative control because, as observed in a systematic review [2], contrary to what is observed in vitro , the succussion of water seems to be irrelevant in studies about high dilutions performed in vivo .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rats Born to Mothers Treated with Dexamethasone 15 cH Present Changes in Modulation of Inflammatory Process

Bonamin

Moraes

Sanches

et al. 2012

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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As little information about the effect of ultra high dilutions of glucocorticoid in reproduction is available in the literature, pregnant female Wistar rats (N = 12) were blindly subcutaneously treated during all gestational and lactation period with: dexamethasone 4 mg/kg diluted into dexamethasone 15 cH (mixed); or dexamethasone 4 mg/kg diluted in water; or dexamethasone 15 cH, or vehicle. Parental generation had body weight, food and water consumption monitored. The F1 generation was monitored regarding to newborn development. No birth occurred in both groups treated with dexamethasone 4 mg/kg. After 60 days from birth, 12 male F1 rats were randomly selected from each remaining group and inoculated subcutaneously with 1% carrageenan into the footpad, for evaluation of inflammatory performance. Edema and histopathology of the footpad were evaluated, using specific staining methods, immunohistochemistry and digital histomorphometry. Mothers treated with mixed dexamethasone presented reduced water consumption. F1 rats born to dexamethasone 15 cH treated females presented significant increase in mast cell degranulation, decrease in monocyte percentage, increase in CD18+ PMN cells, and early expression of ED2 protein, in relation to control. The results show that the exposure of parental generation to highly diluted dexamethasone interferes in inflammation modulation in the F1 generation.

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Animal models for studying homeopathy and high dilutions: Conceptual critical review

Cited by 45 publications

References 71 publications

Inflammatory Process Modulation by Homeopathic Arnica montana 6CH: The Role of Individual Variation

Inflammatory Process Modulation by Homeopathic Arnica montana 6CH: The Role of Individual Variation

A review of use of enantiomers in homeopathy

Rats Born to Mothers Treated with Dexamethasone 15 cH Present Changes in Modulation of Inflammatory Process

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