Animal Models of Addiction

Fuchs, Rita A.; Higginbotham, Jessica A.; Hansen, Ethan J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812202-0.00002-6

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 192 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Cannabis vapor supports stable rates of active responding in male rats. A, Schematic illustration of the vapor self-administration apparatus (adapted fromFuchs et al, 2018), and (B) real-life depiction of a Long-Evans rat responding for cannabis vapor (not from the current experiments). C, Mean active (colored symbols) and inactive (open symbols) nose-poke responding for vapor containing high concentrations of CAN THC , CAN CBD , or VEH across increasing fixed ratio schedules of reinforcement.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaporized Cannabis Extracts Have Reinforcing Properties and Support Conditioned Drug-Seeking Behavior in Rats

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent trends in cannabis legalization have increased the necessity to better understand the effects of cannabis use. Animal models involving traditional cannabinoid self-administration approaches have been notoriously difficult to establish and differences in the drug used and its route of administration have limited the translational value of preclinical studies. To address this challenge in the field, we have developed a novel method of cannabis self-administration using response-contingent delivery of vaporized ⌬ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol-rich (CAN THC) or cannabidiol-rich (CAN CBD) whole-plant cannabis extracts. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to nose-poke for discrete puffs of CAN THC , CAN CBD , or vehicle (VEH) in daily 1 h sessions. Cannabis vapor reinforcement resulted in strong discrimination between active and inactive operanda. CAN THC maintained higher response rates under fixed ratio schedules and higher break points under progressive ratio schedules compared with CAN CBD or VEH, and the number of vapor deliveries positively correlated with plasma THC concentrations. Moreover, metabolic phenotyping studies revealed alterations in locomotor activity, energy expenditure, and daily food intake that are consistent with effects in human cannabis users. Furthermore, both cannabis regimens produced ecologically relevant brain concentrations of THC and CBD and CAN THC administration decreased hippocampal CB1 receptor binding. Removal of CAN THC reinforcement (but not CAN CBD) resulted in a robust extinction burst and an increase in cue-induced cannabis-seeking behavior relative to VEH. These data indicate that volitional exposure to THC-rich cannabis vapor has bona fide reinforcing properties and collectively support the utility of the vapor self-administration model for the preclinical assessment of volitional cannabis intake and cannabis-seeking behaviors.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaporized Cannabis Extracts Have Reinforcing Properties and Support Conditioned Drug-Seeking Behavior in Rats

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is important to understand not just the whole behavioral output, but also the differences that exist as part of a “behavioral microstructure.” Investigating this microstructure can reveal latent differences in behavioral strategy that are not otherwise clear using traditional measures ( Robinson and McCool, 2015 ; Fuchs et al, 2019 ; Yamada and Kanemura, 2020 ). For example, differences may exist in how often a mouse checks the reward magazine for reward delivery, which may reflect reward tracking or attention to reinforcement schedule.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforcement History Dependent Effects of Low Dose Ethanol on Reward Motivation in Male and Female Mice

Bryant

Singh

Barker

2022

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are more prevalent in men than in women, though AUD diagnoses in women are growing rapidly, making an understanding of sex differences in alcohol-related behaviors increasingly important. The development of AUDs involves the transition from casual, low levels of alcohol drinking to higher, maladaptive levels. The ability of low dose alcohol to drive reward and drug seeking may differ in males and females, and this could underlie differences in susceptibility to AUD. In this study we sought to determine whether a history of chronic, low dose ethanol exposure (0.5 g/kg; i.p.) could drive sucrose reward seeking and motivation, and whether this differed between male and female mice. Adult mice were trained to lever press for a liquid sucrose reward on two reinforcement schedules: a random interval (RI) schedule and a variable ratio (VR) schedule. After training, mice were tested on each of these levers for reward motivation using a progressive ratio test. We found that a history of low dose ethanol exposure increased sucrose reward motivation in male mice, but only on the RI lever and only when exposure occurred proximal to learning. Female mice were more motivated for sucrose on the RI lever than the VR lever regardless of ethanol exposure condition. These findings indicate that training on different reinforcement schedules affects reward motivation. Further, we show that males are more susceptible to the effects of low dose ethanol on sucrose reward motivation than females. These data broaden our understanding of sex differences in reward seeking as a result of ethanol exposure.

show abstract

“…This result indicates a sustained stronger motivation to seek CAN THC and is consistent with the previous results indicating that CAN THC has a greater reinforcing efficacy compared with that of CAN CBD . This drive to seek CAN THC could be motivated by reward-seeking, withdrawal avoidance, or a combination of both factors (Fuchs et al, 2019).…”

Section: Thc:cbd Ratio In Extracts Determines Selectivity In Selfadmimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Self-administration in animal models sidesteps these issues and has good construct validity given the volitional consumption (Koob et al, 2012). Unlike cocaine and opioid self-administration studies, however, self-administration of cannabis or D 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) alone has been notoriously difficult to establish across several species because of THC's weak rewarding effect and aversive effects at high doses (Justinova et al, 2005;Fuchs et al, 2019). Although THC is the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis, extracts may have over 120 other phytocannabinoids, including cannabidiol (CBD), which has its own effects as an inverse agonist at cannabinoid receptors (Ibsen et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis Extract Composition Determines Reinforcement in a Vapor Self-Administration Paradigm

Muthusamy

2020

J. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Animal Models of Addiction

Cited by 8 publications

References 192 publications

Vaporized Cannabis Extracts Have Reinforcing Properties and Support Conditioned Drug-Seeking Behavior in Rats

Vaporized Cannabis Extracts Have Reinforcing Properties and Support Conditioned Drug-Seeking Behavior in Rats

Reinforcement History Dependent Effects of Low Dose Ethanol on Reward Motivation in Male and Female Mice

Cannabis Extract Composition Determines Reinforcement in a Vapor Self-Administration Paradigm

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About