Animal reservoirs for hepatitis E virus within the Paslahepevirus genus

Ahmed, Romasa; Nasheri, Neda

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109618

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 160 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…2 , 3 The current classification divided the Hepeviridae family into two subfamilies: Orthohepevirinae (contains all mammalian and avian HEV isolates) and Parahepevirinae (includes fish HEVs) based on the analysis of the existing sequence information. 2 , 17 More information about them is summarized in Table 1 .…”

Section: Etiology Of Hevmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection Among Immunocompromised Individuals: A Brief Narrative Review

Alexandrova,

Tsachev,

Kirov

et al. 2024

IDR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus that belongs to Hepeviridae family. HEV is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are estimated 20 million HEV infections worldwide every year, leading to estimated 3.3 million symptomatic cases of HEV infection. The WHO estimates that HEV infection caused approximately 44,000 deaths in 2015, which represents 3.3% of mortality rates due to viral hepatitis. In low-income (LI) countries and lower-middle-income (LMI) countries, HEV is a waterborne infection induced by HEV genotype (gt) 1 and HEV gt 2 that cause large outbreaks and affect young individuals with a high mortality rate in pregnant women from South Asian countries and patients with liver diseases. HEV gt 3, HEV gt 4, and HEV gt 7 are responsible for sporadic infections with zoonotic transmission mainly through the consumption of raw or undercooked meat from different animals. Acute HEV infection is relatively asymptomatic or mild clinical form, in rare cases the disease can be moderate/severe clinical forms and result in fulminant hepatitis or acute liver failure (ALF). Furthermore, HEV infection is associated with extrahepatic manifestations, including renal and neurological clinical signs and symptoms. Pregnant women, infants, older people, immunocompromised individuals, patients with comorbidities, and workers who come into close contact with HEV-infected animals are recognized as major risk groups for severe clinical form of HEV infection and fatal outcome. Chronic HEV infection can occur in immunocompromised individuals with the possibility of progression to cirrhosis.

show abstract

Section: Etiology Of Hevmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection Among Immunocompromised Individuals: A Brief Narrative Review

Alexandrova,

Tsachev,

Kirov

et al. 2024

IDR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…HEV, species Paslahepevirus balayani , belongs to the genus Paslahepevirus of the family Hepeviridae [ 2 ]. Eight genotypes have been defined, of which genotypes 1 and 2 only infect humans, and genotypes 3–6 infect mainly pigs and wild boars, with zoonotic spillover infections from genotypes 3 and 4 to humans and other mammals [ 3 ]. Genotypes 7 and 8 are mainly found in camelids [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eight genotypes have been defined, of which genotypes 1 and 2 only infect humans, and genotypes 3–6 infect mainly pigs and wild boars, with zoonotic spillover infections from genotypes 3 and 4 to humans and other mammals [ 3 ]. Genotypes 7 and 8 are mainly found in camelids [ 3 ]. Three clades are observed within HEV genotype 3 (HEV-3): group 1 (subtypes HEV-3e, f, and g), group 2 (HEV-3a, b, c, h, i, j, k, l, and m) and group 3, which includes rabbit (HEV-3ra) isolates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular epidemiology of hepatitis E virus genotype 3 in Canada

Borlang,

Murphy,

Harlow

et al. 2024

Epidemiol. Infect.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Autochthonous hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is increasingly reported in industrialized countries and is mostly associated with zoonotic HEV genotype 3 (HEV-3). In this study, we examined the molecular epidemiology of 63 human clinical HEV-3 isolates in Canada between 2014 and 2022. Fifty-five samples were IgM positive, 45 samples were IgG positive and 44 were IgM and IgG positive. The majority of the isolates belong to the subtypes 3a, 3b, and 3j, with high sequence homology to Canadian swine and pork isolates. There were a few isolates that clustered with subtypes 3c, 3e, 3f, 3h, and 3g, and an isolate from chronic infection with a rabbit strain (3ra). Previous studies have demonstrated that the isolates from pork products and swine from Canada belong to subtypes 3a and 3b, therefore, domestic swine HEV is likely responsible for the majority of clinical HEV cases in Canada and further support the hypothesis that swine serve as the main reservoirs for HEV-3 infections. Understanding the associated risk of zoonotic HEV infection requires the establishment of sustainable surveillance strategies at the interface between humans, animals, and the environment within a One-Health framework.

show abstract

“…Human infection with HEV-3 and 4 occurs through the consumption of raw or undercooked animal products [ 1 , 7 ]. HEV-5 and 6 have been identified in feral pigs in Asia; HEV-7 and 8 have been identified in dromedaries and Bactrian camels in countries of the Middle Eastern countries and Asia, respectively [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E virus infections among patients with acute febrile jaundice in two regions of Cameroon: First molecular characterization of hepatitis E virus genotype 4

Modiyinji,

Tankeu,

Monamele

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Febrile jaundice is a common indicator of certain infectious diseases, including hepatitis E. In Cameroon, the yellow fever virus is the only pathogen that is monitored in patients who present with this symptom. However, more than 90% of the samples received as part of this surveillance are negative for yellow fever. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype among yellow fever-negative patients in the Far North and West regions of Cameroon. Methods In a cross-sectional study, yellow fever surveillance-negative samples collected between January 2021 and January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Anti-HEV IgM and IgG antibodies were tested using commercially available ELISA kits. Anti-HEV IgM and/or IgG positive samples were tested for HEV RNA by real-time RT-PCR, followed by nested RT-PCR, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Results Overall, 121 of the 543 samples (22.3%, 95% CI: 19.0% - 26.0%) were positive for at least one anti-HEV marker. Amongst these, 8.1% (44/543) were positive for anti-HEV IgM, 5.9% (32/543) for anti-HEV IgG, and 8.3% (45/544) for both markers. A total of 15.2% (12/79) samples were positive for HEV RNA real-time RT-PCR and 8 samples were positive for HEV RNA by nested RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the retrieved sequences clustered within HEV genotypes/subtypes 1/1e, 3/3f and 4/4b. Conclusion Our results showed that HEV is one of the causes of acute febrile jaundice in patients enrolled in the yellow fever surveillance program in two regions of Cameroon. We described the circulation of three HEV genotypes, including two zoonotic genotypes. Further studies will be important to elucidate the transmission routes of these zoonotic HEV genotypes to humans in Cameroon.

show abstract

Animal reservoirs for hepatitis E virus within the Paslahepevirus genus

Cited by 26 publications

References 160 publications

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection Among Immunocompromised Individuals: A Brief Narrative Review

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection Among Immunocompromised Individuals: A Brief Narrative Review

The molecular epidemiology of hepatitis E virus genotype 3 in Canada

Hepatitis E virus infections among patients with acute febrile jaundice in two regions of Cameroon: First molecular characterization of hepatitis E virus genotype 4

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About