Animalization and Vegetalization

Lallier, R

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-65964-5_18

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 165 publications

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“…Although elongated cilia have been long been noted for zinc-animalized embryos (Lallier 1955(Lallier , 1975, their lengths have not been measured accurately, as they have been in the case of other animalizing events (Burns 1973(Burns , 1979RiedererHenderson and Rosenbaum 1979). In S. purpuratus the mean length of the cilia, which were isolated and photographed for measurement (Fig.…”

Section: Ciliogenesis In Normal and Zinc-animalized Embryosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, cilium formation can be modified experimentally, e.g., excessively long cilia are associated with the developmental arrest at the blastula stage, elicited by treatment of early-stage embryos with a variety of agents. This blastula arrest has been generically termed "animalization" (Lallier 1975). In the specific case where zinc ions have been used as the animalizing agent, developmental arrest forming a phenotypically exaggerated blastula may be reversed with the resumption of development (Nemer et al 1985a;Nemer 1986).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Coordinate and selective beta-tubulin gene expression associated with cilium formation in sea urchin embryos.

Harlow¹,

Nemer²

1987

Genes Dev.

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13-Tubulin mRNAs associated with cilium formation in Strongylocentrotus purpurpatus sea urchin embryos are expressed selectively from a multiple gene family. The accumulations of three 13-tubulin mRNAs (131, 132, and 133) are temporally coordinated with ciliogenesis during blastula development and with the regeneration of cilia after their amputation. In contrast, another 13-tubulin mRNA, 134, is not induced in either case. The zincanimalized embryo with its exaggerated blastula phenotype forms longer cilia through a protracted period of ciliogenesis, in which the 13-tubulin mRNAs, principally 131, accumulate to higher than normal levels. The rate of 13-tubulin transcription per nucleus in the animalized embryo is greater than that of the normal embryo and is not changed through deciliation, although the tubulin mRNAs accumulate to higher levels. However, deciliation raises the 13-tubulin transcription rate in the normal embryo to that in the animalized embryo. Thus, the induction of 13-tubulin mRNA by cilium amputation is regulated transcriptionally in the normal embryo, but post-transcriptionally in the zinc-animalized embryos. Moreover, the 13-tubulin genes that are expressed in association with cilium formation appear to be induced selectively within the framework of ectodermal celltype specificity.

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Section: Ciliogenesis In Normal and Zinc-animalized Embryosmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinate and selective beta-tubulin gene expression associated with cilium formation in sea urchin embryos.

Harlow¹,

Nemer²

1987

Genes Dev.

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“…Although the molecular basis for axial patterning in sea urchin embryos is not well understood, classical embryologists identified chemicals that affected axial patterning along the animal-vegetal axis (8). For example, certain agents cause ''animalization,'' in which embryos develop similar to those embryoids developing from isolated animal halves (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, certain agents cause ''animalization,'' in which embryos develop similar to those embryoids developing from isolated animal halves (8). Lithium chloride added to embryos during the cleavage stages leads to ''vegetalization'' of embryos (8). Embryos vegetalized with lithium are radialized and develop with an excess of endoderm and mesoderm at the expense of ectodermal tissues (2,9).…”

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β-Catenin is essential for patterning the maternally specified animal-vegetal axis in the sea urchin embryo

Wikramanayake

Huang

Klein

1998

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

264

235

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In sea urchin embryos, the animal-vegetal axis is specified during oogenesis. After fertilization, this axis is patterned to produce five distinct territories by the 60-cell stage. Territorial specification is thought to occur by a signal transduction cascade that is initiated by the large micromeres located at the vegetal pole. The molecular mechanisms that mediate the specification events along the animal-vegetal axis in sea urchin embryos are largely unknown. Nuclear ␤-catenin is seen in vegetal cells of the early embryo, suggesting that this protein plays a role in specifying vegetal cell fates. Here, we test this hypothesis and show that ␤-catenin is necessary for vegetal plate specification and is also sufficient for endoderm formation. In addition, we show that ␤-catenin has pronounced effects on animal blastomeres and is critical for specification of aboral ectoderm and for ectoderm patterning, presumably via a noncell-autonomous mechanism. These results support a model in which a Wnt-like signal released by vegetal cells patterns the early embryo along the animalvegetal axis. Our results also reveal similarities between the sea urchin animal-vegetal axis and the vertebrate dorsalventral axis, suggesting that these axes share a common evolutionary origin.

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Evagination of the amniotic cavity in larvae derived from lithium-treated embryos of a direct developing echinoid,Peronella japonica

Kitazawa

Amemiya

1997

J. Exp. Zool.

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Animalization and Vegetalization

Cited by 22 publications

References 165 publications

Coordinate and selective beta-tubulin gene expression associated with cilium formation in sea urchin embryos.

Coordinate and selective beta-tubulin gene expression associated with cilium formation in sea urchin embryos.

β-Catenin is essential for patterning the maternally specified animal-vegetal axis in the sea urchin embryo

Evagination of the amniotic cavity in larvae derived from lithium-treated embryos of a direct developing echinoid,Peronella japonica

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