Anion Exchange Membranes Based on Poly(aryl piperidinium) Containing Both Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Side Chains

Abstract

Recently, ether-free poly(aryl piperidinium) polymers have been considered as promising materials for developing anion exchange membranes (AEMs), because of their excellent alkaline stability and facile synthesis methods. However, its main chain structure hinders the formation of wide ion-transport networks, limiting the further improvement of its performance. Herein, we introduce both hydrophilic and hydrophobic side chains into the poly(aryl piperidinium) backbone to promote the aggregation of ionic clusters and the formation of microphaseseparated structures. The AEMs are designed by introducing 1-(6bromohexyl)-N-methyl piperidinium bromide (hydrophilic) and 1bromohexane (hydrophobic) into the poly(m-terphenyl piperidinium) backbone. After grafting hydrophilic and hydrophobic side chains, the resulted membrane (m-PTP−32P8C) exhibits outstanding conductivity (112 mS cm −1 at 80 °C) and dimensional stability. Meanwhile, under the alkaline condition of 1 mol L −1 NaOH at 80 °C, the conductivity is still maintained above 80% after 1200 h of immersion. When used in the water electrolysis cell with a nonplatinum group metal anode, the m-PTP−32P8C membrane presents a high current density of 0.752 A cm −2 at 2.2 V with the electrolyte of 1 mol L −1 KOH at 60 °C. Compared with those grafted with only hydrophilic or hydrophobic side chains, m-PTP−32P8C exhibits better physicochemical properties and conductivity.

Poly(Ethylene Piperidinium)s for Anion Exchange Membranes

“…We characterized the mechanical and electrochemical properties of the optimized sample PEP80-20PS and the control samples, namely PEP80, PEP80-10PS and PEP80-30PS. The mechanical properties of AEMs are essential (References: PAP-TP-85, [11] PDTP-75, [12] PFTP-13, [13] m-p-MP-50, [23] QPCTP-10, [24] PFTP, [25] PD 2 -TP25, [26] PTPÀ Cl, [27] PQDP-3, [28] PQP-100, [23] QABNP, [29] PFTP, [30] PCTP-2, [31] PpTDMP, [32] m-PTP-32P8 C, [33] s-PDTP-78, [34] 3QPAP-0.5, [35] PBPCL1.48, [36] PBPip-QAPBF-30 %, [37] PBP-6-Pip, [38] PDPF-bisPip-2.8, [39] m-PTP-20Q4, [40] PDTP, [41] 50x-PmTP-SEBS, [42] cqPBPiA-71, [43] PAP-OH-8 %, [44] PTTPQ4-40. [45] ) Angewandte Chemie factors in the interfacial stability and long-term operational durability of a fuel cell.…”

“…f) Comparison of hydroxide conductivity and activation energy between this work and other representative AEMs with piperidinium. (References: PAP-TP-85,[11] PDTP-75,[12] PFTP-13,[13] m-p-MP-50,[23] QPCTP-10,[24] PFTP,[25] PD 2 -TP25,[26] PTPÀ Cl,[27] PQDP-3,[28] PQP-100,[23] QABNP,[29] PFTP,[30] PCTP-2,[31] PpTDMP,[32] m-PTP-32P8 C,[33] s-PDTP-78,[34] 3QPAP-0.5,[35] PBPCL1.48,[36] PBPip-QAPBF-30 %,[37] PBP-6-Pip,[38] PDPF-bisPip-2.8,[39] m-PTP-20Q4,[40] PDTP,[41] 50x-PmTP-SEBS,[42] cqPBPiA-71,[43] PAP-OH-8 %,[44] PTTPQ4-40 [45]. )…”

Meta-kinks are key to binder performance of poly(arylene piperidinium) ionomers for alkaline membrane water electrolysis using non-noble metal catalysts

“…A higher ion-mobility compared to the chloride form is indicated by the lower activation energies between 14.1 and 15.7 kJ mol −1 (Fig. 2b) which are in the range of previously reported poly(arylene piperidinium)s. 50,52 As for the chloride forms, the more meta-kinks present in the polymer backbone, the higher the hydration of the ionomers. Nevertheless, as observed for the chloride forms, the ion conductivity depending on a certain hydration state decreases with increasing meta-kinks (Fig.…”

“…As a result, a variety of poly-(arylene alkylene)s has been prepared, including poly-(arylene alkylene)s, [37][38][39][40] poly(arylene isatine)s, [41][42][43] poly(xanthene)s 44,45 or poly(arylene piperidinium)s. 40,[46][47][48][49] Among them, poly(arylene piperidinium)s are most comprehensively studied as main-chain anion-exchange polymers. The starting materials involve 4-piperidone derivatives and diverse arylenes, most oen meta- 40,[50][51][52][53] or para-terphenyl. 32,40,46,48 Additionally, the inuence of differently congurated backbone structures of poly(arylene alkylene)s and poly(arylene piperidinium)s on properties has been studied using meta-or para-terphenyl as arene building blocks.…”

Poly(Ethylene Piperidinium)s for Anion Exchange Membranes

“…We characterized the mechanical and electrochemical properties of the optimized sample PEP80-20PS and the control samples, namely PEP80, PEP80-10PS and PEP80-30PS. The mechanical properties of AEMs are essential (References: PAP-TP-85, [11] PDTP-75, [12] PFTP-13, [13] m-p-MP-50, [23] QPCTP-10, [24] PFTP, [25] PD 2 -TP25, [26] PTPÀ Cl, [27] PQDP-3, [28] PQP-100, [23] QABNP, [29] PFTP, [30] PCTP-2, [31] PpTDMP, [32] m-PTP-32P8 C, [33] s-PDTP-78, [34] 3QPAP-0.5, [35] PBPCL1.48, [36] PBPip-QAPBF-30 %, [37] PBP-6-Pip, [38] PDPF-bisPip-2.8, [39] m-PTP-20Q4, [40] PDTP, [41] 50x-PmTP-SEBS, [42] cqPBPiA-71, [43] PAP-OH-8 %, [44] PTTPQ4-40. [45] ) Angewandte Chemie Forschungsartikel factors in the interfacial stability and long-term operational durability of a fuel cell.…”