Anion-exchange membranes with improved alkaline stability

Bauer, B.; Strathmann, H.; Effenberger, Franz

doi:10.1016/0011-9164(90)85002-r

Cited by 256 publications

(256 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…1À3 Quaternary ammonium-tethered anion exchange polymer electrolytes 4À9 have been the most extensively studied; nevertheless degradation of alkyl ammonium-based polymer electrolytes occurs under high pH conditions via (i) Hoffmann elimination (E 2 ), (ii) nucleophilic substitution (S N 2), 10 or (iii) ylide formation. 11 Although the E 2 reaction can be circumvented by avoiding a coplanar arrangement of β-hydrogen and nitrogen or by synthesizing β-hydrogen-absent quaternary ammoniums, most of the alkyl ammonium-functionalized polymers still have not realized sufficient stability because of the S N 2 reaction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Guanidinium-Functionalized Anion Exchange Polymer Electrolytes via Activated Fluorophenyl-Amine Reaction

Kim¹,

Labouriau²,

Guiver³

et al. 2011

Chem. Mater.

203

127

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Guanidinium-Functionalized Anion Exchange Polymer Electrolytes via Activated Fluorophenyl-Amine Reaction

Kim¹,

Labouriau²,

Guiver³

et al. 2011

Chem. Mater.

203

127

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“…In AEMs, the ionic groups can be ammonium, phosphonium or sulfonium groups; among them, membranes containing ammonium groups exhibit the highest stability in alkaline media [10].…”

Section: Dmfc Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen-doped graphene with enhanced oxygen reduction activity produced by pyrolysis of graphene functionalized with imidazole derivatives

Borghei

Azcune

Carrasco

et al. 2014

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) are great candidates for portable power source applications. However, the sluggish reaction kinetics are key challenges in DMFC technology. The state-of-the-art electrocatalysts are Pt-based catalysts supported on carbon black. However, the high price of Pt, corrosion of carbon support and Pt degradation are the main problems.In this thesis, carbon nanomaterials, namely few-walled carbon nanotubes (FWCNTs) and graphitized nanofibers (GNFs) were used as catalyst supports in the search for stable and durable catalysts. PtRu nanocatalysts with similar particle size and composition were synthesized and deposited on FWCNTs and GNFs. The electrochemical activities for methanol oxidation were compared with that of PtRu-carbon black in acidic conditions. The half-cell electrochemical measurements revealed higher activity with PtRu-GNFs and PtRu-FWCNTs. Later, the electrocatalysts were tested in macro-and micro-DMFC. The results revealed the significant influence of the catalyst support, inomer contect, electrode structure, preparation method, as well as the fuel cell architecture on the performance of a specific electrode material. The results also highlighted the necessity of electrode composition optimization when applying new materials at the electrodes, in order to achieve the best activity and durability for a certain electrocatalyst.A special effort was also done to achieve Pt-free electrocatalysts with high activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) by introducing nitrogen heteroatoms in carbon nanomaterials, namely FWCNTs and graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs). N-FWCNTs exhibited remarkable electrocatalytic activity for ORR in alkaline media, despite their very low nitrogen content (~0.5 at.%). N-FWCNTs performed on par or better than a commercial Pt-C at the cathode of an alkaline DMFC. The N-GNPs exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic activity for ORR compared to pristine GNPs in alkaline media. The results indicated that N-doped carbon nanomaterials could be promising alternatives to their Pt counterparts to reduce fuel cell costs. However, further investigations are necessary to ascertain the real active sites in order to design more efficient and durable ORR electrocatalysts.Keywords Carbon nanomaterials, PtRu catalysts, nitrogen-doping, direct methanol fuel cell ISBN (printed) 978-952-60-6140-5 ISBN (pdf) 978-952-60-6141-2

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“…PES membranes are used in electrochemical processes [15][16][17][18]. One of the important parameters of ion-exchange membranes is their stability [19][20]. This problem is a very important parameter for industrial use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verification Stability of Anion-Exchange Membrane with Surface Modification with Application in Electrodialysis Process

Zárybnická

Stránská

2018

Period. Polytech. Chem. Eng.

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Anion-exchange membranes with improved alkaline stability

Cited by 256 publications

References 8 publications

Guanidinium-Functionalized Anion Exchange Polymer Electrolytes via Activated Fluorophenyl-Amine Reaction

Guanidinium-Functionalized Anion Exchange Polymer Electrolytes via Activated Fluorophenyl-Amine Reaction

Nitrogen-doped graphene with enhanced oxygen reduction activity produced by pyrolysis of graphene functionalized with imidazole derivatives

Verification Stability of Anion-Exchange Membrane with Surface Modification with Application in Electrodialysis Process

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