Anisotropic encoding of three-dimensional space by place cells and grid cells

Hayman, Robin; Verriotis, Madeleine; Jovalekic, Aleksandar; Fenton, André A.; Jeffery, Kate J.

doi:10.1038/nn.2892

Cited by 146 publications

(222 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Whether such volumetric coding extends to terrestrial animals remains unsettled, although experimental data suggest that, in rats, head direction is encoded not only by classical azimuth-sensitive head direction cells but also by cells in the lateral mammillary bodies that respond to head pitch 200 . Observations in rats also suggest that the tilt of a surface is factored into hippocampal and entorhinal representations of space 280,281 .…”

Section: Moving Toward Naturalistic Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial representation in the hippocampal formation: a history

2017

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Section: Moving Toward Naturalistic Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial representation in the hippocampal formation: a history

2017

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“…Interspecies differences in sensory processing make the spatial representations of place cells display marked variability. Chiropterans, for example, distinctly rely on spatioacoustic cues, developing uniquely 3D place fields as opposed to the 2D place fields seen in other animals (28,29). In humans, then, it is plausible for a visually presented virtual environment to elicit place cell (30) and grid-like activity in the EC (31) without proprioceptive and kinesthetic cues.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Context-dependent spatially periodic activity in the human entorhinal cortex

Nádasdy

Nguyen

Török

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The spatially periodic activity of grid cells in the entorhinal cortex (EC) of the rodent, primate, and human provides a coordinate system that, together with the hippocampus, informs an individual of its location relative to the environment and encodes the memory of that location. Among the most defining features of grid-cell activity are the 60°rotational symmetry of grids and preservation of grid scale across environments. Grid cells, however, do display a limited degree of adaptation to environments. It remains unclear if this level of environment invariance generalizes to human grid-cell analogs, where the relative contribution of visual input to the multimodal sensory input of the EC is significantly larger than in rodents. Patients diagnosed with nontractable epilepsy who were implanted with entorhinal cortical electrodes performing virtual navigation tasks to memorized locations enabled us to investigate associations between grid-like patterns and environment. Here, we report that the activity of human entorhinal cortical neurons exhibits adaptive scaling in grid period, grid orientation, and rotational symmetry in close association with changes in environment size, shape, and visual cues, suggesting scale invariance of the frequency, rather than the wavelength, of spatially periodic activity. Our results demonstrate that neurons in the human EC represent space with an enhanced flexibility relative to neurons in rodents because they are endowed with adaptive scalability and context dependency.grid cell | spatial memory | entorhinal cortex | single unit | human

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“…They obviously adopt a ''layer strategy'' when collecting their food. The representation of the 3-D world is based on the activity of place cells in the hippocampus and grid cells in posterior cortical regions such as the entorhinal cortex (Ekstrom et al, 2003;Hayman et al, 2011). Place cells provide focal information on position, while grid cells provide information about direction and distance to environmental targets.…”

Section: Three-dimensional Navigation Of Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%