Annona Muricata Linn. Ethanolic Leaf Extract Ameliorates Reproductive Complications in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine and metabolic disorder of humans and animals characterized by hyperglycemia and low blood insulin levels or insensitivity of target organs to insulin and it’s a major health problem affecting patient’s quality of life due to its many complications. Infertility is one of the major secondary complications in diabetes. Although numerous drugs have been used for intervention studies on diabetes-induced infertility worldwide, there are currently no treatments for diabetes associated infertility in humans. This study was performed to investigate the effects of Annona muricata ethanolic leaf extract (AMELE) on fertility of male diabetic rats and levels of blood glucose. Twenty male Wistar rats (150-200g) were randomly distributed into 4 groups (n=5) treated thus: CTRL (control), DNT, DT1 and DT2 (diabetic, single intraperitoneal injection, streptozotocin, 60 mg/kg). Group DT1 and DT2 received AMELE orally at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg respectively daily for fourteen days. Data were analysed using ANOVA at α0.05. The animals were sacrificed after 2 weeks via thiopental injection and testicular weights were recorded. Fasting blood glucose was determined using a digital glucometer. Sperm count, motility, viability and morphology were assessed microscopically. Testes were histologically evaluated. The results showed that oral administration of AMELE at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg to diabetic male rats for fourteen days significantly decreased blood glucose level and also ameliorated diabetes-induced decreases in sperm functions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats.
 

The impact of Annona muricata and metformin on semen quality and hormonal profile in Arsenic trioxide-induced testicular dysfunction in male Wistar rat

“…The mechanism of action linked to ELAM improved sperm count is flavonoids and saponins, which tend to repair tissue proteins and combat ROS formation in the testicular plasma membrane. The study has accordance with the reports of the study (65,66,68,78,79), revealing improved sperm count in testicular insult following Annona muricata extract, but contradict the findings of Oladipo et al (80) indicating significantly lowered levels of total sperm count following Annona muricata bark extracts. However, MET treatment significantly improved total sperm count, which is linked to the decline in oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, enhancement of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase activity, and restoration to the expected levels of pituitary-gonadal hormones (28).…”

“…Also revealed in the study is the attenuated effects of MET and ELAM in the ameliorative phase as indicated in groups C and D. The attenuated effect of MET is attributed to its ability to combat lipid peroxidation in the testicular membrane and its tissues as well, and the physiological mechanism of action by ELAM revealing a significant increase in active sperm motility and decrease in non-motile sperm levels is attributed to the presence of flavonoids and saponins, which combats redox formation by arsenic trioxide in the testicular tissue and spermatogenic process. Reports showed that Annona muricata improves sperm motility and non-motile sperm in testicular dysfunction caused by toxins, which supports the study's findings (65)(66)(67)(68)(69). However, MET administration showed improvement in sperm motility following testicular dysfunction in infertile studies (70)(71)(72)(73), which is in line with the study's outcome.…”