Annual Ring Characteristics of Pinus Taeda Measured by Ultrasonic and X-Ray Techniques

Bucur, Voïchita; Herbé, Christian; Nosei, G.

doi:10.1163/22941932-90001351

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…These results corroborate earlier findings that USV measurements of wood sections were correlated with MFA and MOE (Bucur, 1983(Bucur, , 1985Bucur, Herbe, & Nosei, 1994;Chuang & Wang, 2001;Hassan et al, 2013;Karlinasari et al, 2008) but not with wood density (Hassan et al, 2013) (Fig. 5).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Validation of ultrasonic velocity estimates of wood properties in discs of radiata pine

Mason

Hayes

2017

N.Z. j. of For. Sci.

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Background: Measurement of microfibril angle (MFA) in the S2 layer of the cell walls of wood using speed of sound in wood has become a common way to estimate wood stiffness and stability. Measurements across the radius of a disc can be critical, but sonic testing needs to be validated against direct measurements of MFA. Methods: A robotic machine that uses two transducers to detect the speed of sound through discs of wood from tree stems was validated by comparing its measurements with wood MFA, air-dry density, and modulus of elasticity assessed by X-ray diffractometry through the "Silviscan" system. Results: Ultrasonic velocity (USV) was highly correlated with MFA but not with air-dry density. Variable moving averages were assessed in order to estimate the resolution of the USV measurements, and it appeared that the diameter of the swath detected by the transducers was between 23 and 30 mm. Conclusions: It was concluded that MFA in wood samples can be assessed rapidly and cheaply using USV measurements but at lower resolution than assessments using X-ray diffractometry.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Validation of ultrasonic velocity estimates of wood properties in discs of radiata pine

Mason

Hayes

2017

N.Z. j. of For. Sci.

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“…More published results confirm that some wave parameters are not sensitive to some wood properties (Palaia-Perez et al 1993;Schmoldt et al 1993). Beal reported that attenuation coefficient is not a good indicator for characterizing wood structure (Beall 2002); the highest and the lowest attenuation values obtained in tangential and longitudinal directions illustrated that both the grain orientation and the growth rings had a great effect on attenuation of waves (Bucur et al 1994). Although velocity shows proportional change to differentiating attenuation of acoustic behaviour of tension and normal wood, attenuation of wave cannot be helpful because its values depend on different factors like geometry, wood properties, coupling between wood and transducers as well as the condition of signal injection ( Bucur and Feeney 1992;Beall 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…They explained that variations in tracheid length and microfibril angle in S2 layer as well as wall thickness affect the sound velocity while propagating through cubic samples. By continuously increasing the ultrasound wave from the pith to the fifteenth annual ring, the line between juvenile and mature wood was successfully detected by Bucur et al (1994). A partial increasing of velocity in tangential direction also showed that the variation in transverse direction was not significant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Investigation on transversal variation of poplar tension wood quality using ultrasound wave parameters

Saadatnia¹,

Enayati

Pourtahmasi

et al. 2014

Wood Material Science & Engineering

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Transversal variations of some ultrasound wave parameters (phase velocity, group velocity, attenuation coefficient and acoustic radiation) were measured from the pith to the bark of poplar tension wood discs in different orthotropic directions. Over 80 cubic specimens of 2 × 2 × 10 cm 3 (radial, tangential and longitudinal, respectively) were prepared and tested acoustically. Samples containing tension woods were separated from normal ones using anatomical experiments. Results showed acoustical behaviour of normal and tension wood improved in longitudinal direction while the distance between pith and bark increased; also, wave parameter variations were less important in radial and tangential directions. In addition, phase velocity and acoustic radiation -which significantly varied -were the best parameters for quality assessment of poplar wood compared with group velocity and attenuation coefficients. Since samples near the bark were acoustically better than counterparts near the pith, they could be used in products requiring more strength, like lumber. Finally, acoustic radiation and phase velocity were correlated more strongly with density than group velocity and attenuation.

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“…For example, X-ray densitometry systems that do not utilize image-based camera detectors will sample both earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) during EW to LW and LW to EW transition periods when the grain does not run perpendicular, which will interfere with the measurement of each ring component. For radial ultrasonic systems, velocity readings will decrease as grain becomes less perpendicular because longitudinal velocity (3000 to 6000 m s −1 ) is much greater than either radial or tangential velocity (1000 to 1700 m s −1 ) [15]. Cores that do not contain the pith results in challenges associated with reconstructing growth rings.…”

Section: Forest Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Destructive Evaluation Techniques and What They Tell Us about Wood Property Variation

Schimleck

Dahlen

Apiolaza

et al. 2019

Forests

104

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To maximize utilization of our forest resources, detailed knowledge of wood property variation and the impacts this has on end-product performance is required at multiple scales (within and among trees, regionally). As many wood properties are difficult and time-consuming to measure our knowledge regarding their variation is often inadequate as is our understanding of their responses to genetic and silvicultural manipulation. The emergence of many non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methodologies offers the potential to greatly enhance our understanding of the forest resource; however, it is critical to recognize that any technique has its limitations and it is important to select the appropriate technique for a given application. In this review, we will discuss the following technologies for assessing wood properties both in the field: acoustics, Pilodyn, Resistograph and Rigidimeter and the lab: computer tomography (CT) scanning, DiscBot, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, radial sample acoustics and SilviScan. We will discuss these techniques, explore their utilization, and list applications that best suit each methodology. As an end goal, NDE technologies will help researchers worldwide characterize wood properties, develop accurate models for prediction, and utilize field equipment that can validate the predictions. The continued advancement of NDE technologies will also allow researchers to better understand the impact on wood properties on product performance.

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Annual Ring Characteristics of Pinus Taeda Measured by Ultrasonic and X-Ray Techniques

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Validation of ultrasonic velocity estimates of wood properties in discs of radiata pine

Validation of ultrasonic velocity estimates of wood properties in discs of radiata pine

Investigation on transversal variation of poplar tension wood quality using ultrasound wave parameters

Non-Destructive Evaluation Techniques and What They Tell Us about Wood Property Variation

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