Annual shell growth pattern of the Stimpson's hard clam Mercenaria stimpsoni as revealed by sclerochronological and oxygen stable isotope measurements

Kubota, Kaoru; Shirai, Kotaro; Murakami‐Sugihara, Naoko; Seike, Koji; Hori, Masako; Tanabe, Kazushige

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.05.016

Cited by 40 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…For example, the giant button top shell Umbonium costatum and the Sakhalin surf clam Pseudocardium sachalinense were present at Station 1 in 2012 (Seike et al, ) but have been rarely observed since 2014 (Seike et al, ). Although there are some endobenthic species such as the lugworm Arenicola brasiliensis (Seike et al, ), the giant spoon worm Ikeda taenioides (Goto et al, ), and Stimpson's hard clam Mercenaria stimpsoni (Kubota et al, ; Shirai et al, ) in this area, their biomixing has a limited effect on the physical and/or chemical characteristics of the seafloor environment. This is because the surface seafloor sediment contains only one type of bioturbation structure, which is generated by E. cordatum (Figures , and ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bay faces the Pacific Ocean with no major river outlets. In water depths of less than 20 m, the seafloor is covered mainly by fine‐grained sandy deposits (Kubota et al, ; Seike et al, ; Shirai et al, ). Our previous studies revealed that E. cordatum inhabits the sandy bottom at water depths greater than 10 m in Funakoshi Bay (Seike et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lasting Impact of a Tsunami Event on Sediment‐Organism Interactions in the Ocean

et al. 2018

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Although tsunami sedimentation is a short‐term phenomenon, it may control the long‐term benthic environment by altering seafloor surface characteristics such as topography and grain‐size composition. By analyzing sediment cores, we investigated the long‐term effect of the 2011 tsunami generated by the Tohoku Earthquake off the Pacific coast of Japan on sediment mixing (bioturbation) by an important ecosystem engineer, the heart urchin Echinocardium cordatum. Recent tsunami deposits allow accurate estimation of the depth of current bioturbation by E. cordatum, because there are no preexisting burrows in the sediments. The in situ hardness of the substrate decreased significantly with increasing abundance of E. cordatum, suggesting that echinoid bioturbation softens the seafloor sediment. Sediment‐core analysis revealed that this echinoid rarely burrows into the coarser‐grained (medium‐grained to coarse‐grained) sandy layer deposited by the 2011 tsunami; thus, the vertical grain‐size distribution resulting from tsunami sedimentation controls the depth of E. cordatum bioturbation. As sandy tsunami layers are preserved in the seafloor substrate, their restriction on bioturbation continues for an extended period. The results demonstrate that understanding the effects on seafloor processes of extreme natural events that occur on geological timescales, including tsunami events, is important in revealing continuing interactions between seafloor sediments and marine benthic invertebrates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lasting Impact of a Tsunami Event on Sediment‐Organism Interactions in the Ocean

et al. 2018

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“…; Kubota et al. ), and in hydroxyapatite organs of vertebrates, including cortical bones, otoliths, and teeth (Peabody, ; Tzeng, ; Dean et al. ; Padian et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growth analysis of the cross-sections of appositionally grown organs is a popular method used to reveal the growth patterns of layered structures (Neville, 1967), such as in calcium carbonate layers in mollusc shells and coral skeletons (Wells, 1963;House & Farrow, 1968;Fritts, 1976;Shaul & Goodwin, 1982;Lazier et al 1999;Kubota et al 2017), and in hydroxyapatite organs of vertebrates, including cortical bones, otoliths, and teeth (Peabody, 1961;Tzeng, 1990;Dean et al 1993;Padian et al 2001). Vertebrate keratinous organs, such as rhamphothecae, horns, baleen, and hair, also grow appositionally, though few layer analyses of this growth have been carried out, with the exception of a few studies that investigated claws, hoofs, and horns (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sandwich structure of keratinous layers controls the form and growth orientation of chicken rhinotheca

et al. 2019

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The upper beak bone of birds is known to be overlain by the rhinotheca, which is composed of the horny sheath of keratinous layers. However, the details of the structure and growth pattern of the rhinotheca are yet to be understood. In this study, the microstructure of the rhinotheca from chicken specimens of different growth stages (ranging from 1 to ~ 80 days old) was analyzed using a combination of thin section and scanning electron microscopy observations, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering analysis. We found that the rhinotheca comprises three different layers – outer, intermediate, and inner layers – throughout its growth. The outer layer arises from the proximal portion of the beak bone and covers the dorsal surface of the rhinotheca, whereas the intermediate and inner layers originate in the distal portion of the beak bone and underlie the outer layer. This tri‐layered structure of the rhinotheca was also observed in wild bird specimens (grey wagtail, king quail, and brown dipper). On the median plane, micro‐layers making up the outer and inner layers are bedded nearly parallel to the rostral bone at the base. However, more distally positioned micro‐layers of the outer layer are more anteverted distally. The micro‐layers of the intermediate layer are bedded nearly perpendicular to those of the outer and inner layers on the median plane. The growth of micro‐layers in the intermediate layer adds thickness to the rhinotheca, which causes the difference in profile between the beak bone and the rhinotheca in the distal portion of the beak. Moreover, the entire intermediate layer grows distally as new proximal micro‐layers form. The outer layer is dragged distally by the intermediate layer as a result of its distal growth, for the three layers are closely packed to each other at their boundaries. Furthermore, the occurrence of the intermediate and inner layers in the distal portion of the rostral bone may be because the distal end of the beak is frequently used and worn, and the rhinotheca therefore needs to be replaced more frequently at the distal end. The rhinotheca structure described here will be an important and useful factor in the reconstruction of the beaks of birds in extinct taxa.

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“…A mollusk's shell potentially provides a record of environmental information in the form of bivalve shell growth bands, for example, which offer a precise chronological record as they change in response to environmental and physiological factors such as temperature (Nishida et al 2012;Kubota et al 2017), salinity (Schöne et al 2013;Shirai et al 2014), and spawning (Nishida et al 2012). Pollard et al (1977) reported that the land snail Helix pomatia presents an annual growth break in its shell, corresponding to the winter season.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The “tsunami break:” impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake and the accompanying tsunamis on the shell growth of the invasive clam-eating snail Laguncula pulchella

Suzuki

Okoshi

2018

Fish Sci

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The Great East Japan Earthquake and accompanying tsunamis occurred on 11 March 2011, causing huge damage to marine organisms. The invasive naticid gastropod Laguncula pulchella (Euspira fortunei), which was introduced with the imported clam Ruditapes philippinarum from China and Korea, survived the earthquake. The "growth break line" observed on the shell surface in over 90% of the individuals collected in Matsushima Bay and Matsukawa-ura Lagoon after the tsunamis was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Each shell presented three layers before and three after the growth break. However, the fracture surface consisted of five layers-two prismatic and three crossed lamellar-around the growth break line. This suggests that shell formation temporarily ceased following the tsunamis and that the five-layered shell may have developed in response to the stress caused by the tsunamis. The newly formed middle layer became thinner after the "tsunami break," which may be the result of a rapid change in the mineralization process, including rapid shell growth and/or repair. These results suggest that the damage to and forcible removal of habitats by the tsunamis was stressful for L. pulchella. A decrease in or the cessation of shell formation after a tsunami may be a common phenomenon in mollusks that inhabit tidal flats.

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Annual shell growth pattern of the Stimpson's hard clam Mercenaria stimpsoni as revealed by sclerochronological and oxygen stable isotope measurements

Cited by 40 publications

References 27 publications

Lasting Impact of a Tsunami Event on Sediment‐Organism Interactions in the Ocean

Lasting Impact of a Tsunami Event on Sediment‐Organism Interactions in the Ocean

The sandwich structure of keratinous layers controls the form and growth orientation of chicken rhinotheca

The “tsunami break:” impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake and the accompanying tsunamis on the shell growth of the invasive clam-eating snail Laguncula pulchella

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