Anodal transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over the cerebellum and primary motor cortex improves tardive dyskinesia: A pilot study

Cerebellar stimulation in schizophrenia: A systematic review of the evidence and an overview of the methods

“…Several rTMS and iTBS studies observed reductions in total symptoms for participants in both the active and sham arms ( 81 – 83 ). Similarly, several studies with only an active rTMS or iTBS stimulation arm found reductions in total post-stimulation symptoms ( 84 – 86 ) but see Demirtas-Tatlidede et al ( 87 ). These non-specific treatment effects were maintained at 3 months follow-up for five people with schizophrenia who took part in a case study using rTMS or a pilot study using tDCS ( 84 , 88 ).…”

“…In the other RCT, individuals with treatment-resistant schizophrenia showed no effect of condition or time on extrapyramidal physical symptoms (e.g., gait, rigidity, and tremor) ( 82 ). In contrast, a small pilot study showed numerical decreases in clinician-rated tardive dyskinesia ( 84 ).…”

“…Although other iTBS studies found significant improvements in negative symptoms for both the active and sham conditions ( 82 , 90 ). Studies that included only an active stimulation arm reported decreases in negative symptoms (tDCS, rtMS, or iTBS) ( 84 , 86 – 88 ), with evidence that these effects were maintained for as long as 24 weeks ( 84 , 88 ).…”

“…Three studies observed non-specific iTBS effects on positive symptoms, with significant reductions for participants in the active and control study arms ( 82 , 83 , 90 ). Studies with only an active stimulation arm (rTMS, iTBS, or tDCS) reported mixed results, with some finding no change ( 86 , 87 ), others finding a reduction ( 84 , 88 , 91 ), and one case study noting an increase ( 92 ) in positive symptoms.…”

“…Clinical global impression was examined in three studies. One RCT ( N = 30) and one pilot study found improvement on clinical global impression post-iTBS or tDCS, respectively ( 82 , 84 ). A small sample study ( N = 8) did not find a change in clinical global impression following iTBS ( 87 ).…”