Anodisation Increases Integration of Unloaded Titanium Implants in Sheep Mandible

Abstract

Spark discharge anodic oxidation forms porous TiO2 films on titanium implant surfaces. This increases surface roughness and concentration of calcium and phosphate ions and may enhance early osseointegration. To test this, forty 3.75 mm × 13 mm titanium implants (Megagen, Korea) were placed into healed mandibular postextraction ridges of 10 sheep. There were 10 implants per group: RBM surface (control), RBM + anodised, RBM + anodised + fluoride, and titanium alloy + anodised surface. Resonant frequency analysis (RFA) was measured in implant stability quotient (ISQ) at surgery and at sacrifice after 1-month unloaded healing. Mean bone-implant contact (% BIC) was measured in undemineralised ground sections for the best three consecutive threads. One of 40 implants showed evidence of failure. RFA differed between groups at surgery but not after 1 month. RFA values increased nonsignificantly for all implants after 1 month, except for controls. There was a marked difference in BIC after 1-month healing, with higher values for alloy implants, followed by anodised + fluoride and anodised implants. Anodisation increased early osseointegration of rough-surfaced implants by 50–80%. RFA testing lacked sufficient resolution to detect this improvement. Whether this gain in early bone-implant contact is clinically significant is the subject of future experiments.

The One Abutment–One Time Protocol: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

“…Although the validity of titanium to bone osseointegration has been established beyond doubt, the long‐term stability of peri‐implant hard and soft tissues remains one of the main challenges in implant treatment 1 . In this context, different implant micro and macro designs, 2‐7 surgical and prosthodontic protocols, 8‐11 prosthetic superstructures, implant–abutment connections, and platform‐switching concepts have been developed to minimize marginal bone loss (BL) and maintain peri‐implant soft tissue levels, although without clear evidence of the superiority of one design over another 12‐14 …”

Wool‐derived keratin hydrogel enhances implant osseointegration in cancellous bone

“…This allows the implants be examined after occlusal loading and microbial exposure found in the oral cavity but not in the femur, which may have positively influenced healing. We have developed such oral models in sheep however in the current experiment, these oral sites were employed for other implants that have been reported elsewhere …”

“…We have developed such oral models in sheep 18,44 however in the current experiment, these oral sites were employed for other implants that have been reported elsewhere. 23 Keratin is considered a largely inert material of very low antigenicity and toxicity. It produces amino acids as degradation products, which are easily processed by the body.…”

“…Ten 4 years old mixed breed female sheep were used in this study, with average weight of 80 kg. The number of animals was selected based on previous experience with dental implants placed into sheep models, and was expected to discriminate treatment effects in a statistically useful manner …”

“…The number of animals was selected based on previous experience with dental implants placed into sheep models, and was expected to discriminate treatment effects in a statistically useful manner. [17][18][19]23,24 All sheep received preoperative antibiotic trimethoprim (Amphoprim injection 1 mL/15 kg, Virbac New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand). General anesthesia was induced by intravenous thiopentone 20 mg/kg (Bomac Laboratories, Auckland, New Zealand) and maintained by halothane (1-2%).…”