ANOM Approach for Statistical Evaluation of Some Antioxidant Enzyme Activities

Abstract

Free radicals are chemical molecules that are more reactive and have an unpaired electron. Free radicals formed inside the cell oxidize biomolecules, leading to cell death and tissue damage. Antioxidants are molecules that can stabilize or inactivate free radicals before they damage the cell. In this study; the availability of Malondialdehyde, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase and Reduced glutathione levels as markers for related diseases was evaluated by examining whether and in what range they may vary in some diseases. In study, nine groups consist of prostate cancer, cirrhosis, liver transplantation, chronic kidney damage, acute kidney injury, X-ray exposure, CT exposure, MR exposure and Osteonecrosis. Analysis of means is a method developed to compare group means with the overall mean and presents the results graphically in an easy-to-understand manner without the required for any post hoc test. In addition, related characteristics were categorized as “low and high” and Nonlinear Principal Component Analysis was conducted to visually present their relationship with related disease types in two-dimensional space. The upper and lower decision lines were found 3.123 and 2.794 μmol/L, respectively for Malondialdehyde. Those with cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease, acute kidney disease and tomography exposure were included in the upper and lower decision lines. Those with prostate cancer, osteonecrosis, and X-ray exposure were above the upper decision line and are found higher than the overall mean. Those with lung transplantation and MR exposure appear to be below the lower decision line and lower than the overall mean. The present study provides the first comprehensive assessment of the availability of Malondialdehyde, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase and Reduced glutathione levels as markers for some related diseases. This study has shown that Analysis of means can be used as an alternative graphical procedure for multiple group comparisons with an overall mean in the studies regarding as biochemical characteristics and relating diseases. In addition, Nonlinear Principal Component Analysis can be useful aid for decision marker in some biochemical characteristics and related diseases.

Green synthesis, characterizations of silver nanoparticles using sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) plant extract and their antimicrobial and DNA damage protective effects

“…When erythrocytes are exposed to high levels of free radicals, it initiates lipid peroxidation by causing oxidation in biological membranes rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. As a result of this event, the biological activity of the membranes is disrupted and cell damage occurs ( Demir et al, 2022 ).…”