Anomalously strong nonlinearity of unswept quartz acoustic cavities at liquid helium temperatures

Goryachev, Maxim; Farr, Warrick G.; Ivanov, Eugene; Tobar, Michael E.

doi:10.1063/1.4819971

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The nonlinear response of mechanical resonators can be usually approximated by the Duffing model [40][41][42][43] arising from the nonlinear elastic terms of the constitutive equations or thermoelectroelasticity 44 . This holds true for the ultrahigh Quality factor cryogenic BAW resonators under investigation in this work 24,45 , with the exception of resonators which are not swept of impurities and as a result have a large amount 46 .…”

Section: Results: Towards a Cryogenic Quartz Oscillatormentioning

confidence: 77%

Inducing Strong Non-Linearities in a Phonon Trapping Quartz Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonator Coupled to a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device

et al. 2018

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A quartz Bulk Acoustic Wave resonator is designed to coherently trap phonons in a way that they are well confined and immune to suspension losses so they exhibit extremely high acoustic Q-factors at low temperature, with Q × f products of order 10 18 Hz. In this work we couple such a resonator to a SQUID amplifier and investigate effects in the strong signal regime. Both parallel and series connection topologies of the system are investigated. The study reveals significant non-Duffing response that is associated with the nonlinear characteristics of Josephson junctions. The nonlinearity provides quasi-periodic structure of the spectrum in both incident power and frequency. The result gives an insight into the open loop behaviour of a future Cryogenic Quartz Oscillator in the strong signal regime.

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Section: Results: Towards a Cryogenic Quartz Oscillatormentioning

confidence: 77%

Inducing Strong Non-Linearities in a Phonon Trapping Quartz Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonator Coupled to a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device

et al. 2018

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“…These and other impurities in quartz have been a subject of extensive studies in literature [37,38]. Moreover, two level systems were found to be responsible for strong nonlinearities in acoustic resonators made of unswept (non purified) quartz [39], jump chaotic response of such devices at low temperatures [40], and extra losses at higher frequencies [15]. Additionally, interaction of high frequency acoustic phonons with magnetic spins has been studied within the research field of paramagnetic acoustic resonance [41][42][43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of low-temperature magnetomechanic effects in crystalline resonant phonon cavities

2019

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We observe magnetic effects in ultra-high quality factor crystalline quartz Bulk Acoustic Wave resonators at milli-Kelvin temperature. The study reveals existence of hysteresis loops, jumps and memory effects of acoustical resonance frequencies. These loops arise as a response to the external magnetic field and span over few Hertz range for modes with linewidths of about 25mHz, which constitute a frequency shift of order 60 linewidths. The effects are broadband but get stronger towards higher frequencies where both nonlinear effects and losses are limited by two level systems. This suggests that the observed effects are due to ferromagnet-like phase of a spin ensemble coupled to mechanical modes. The observed coupling between mechanical and spin degrees of freedom in the ultra low loss regime brings new possibilities for the emerging class of quantum hybrid systems.

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“…4. The resonators demonstrate expected Duffingtype nonlinearity accompanied by thermal effects at elevated values of incident power with no anomalous nonlinear behaviour [33].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Possibility of such points is vital for building temperature insensitive devices for ultra-stable frequency reference systems. It may lead to improve stability of cryogenic BAW frequency sources [9] Power sensitivity of LGT-based devices demonstrates typical Duffing-type nonlinearity and thermal effects [8,33]. Loss regimes of the devices under study are determined by clamping losses due to lack of effective phonon trapping [1,2,36].…”

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confidence: 99%

Measurements of elastic properties of langatate at liquid helium temperatures for design of ultra low loss mechanical systems

Goryachev

Abbé

Dulmet

et al. 2014

Applied Physics Letters

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We present full characterisation of acoustic wave devices based on the fully synthetic crystalline material at the liquid helium temperature range required for the design of ultra low loss mechanical systems in many areas of research including frequency control and fundamental measurements. Temperature coefficients of the effective elastic tensor of Langatate (LGT) in Lagrangian representation are determined for the temperature range 3.8 − 15K. The Lagrangian formalism is mandatory in the analysed situation since the expansion coefficients of the LGT are still unknown at these temperatures. The measurement method involves a set of high-quality resonators of various cut angles, and uses measurements of frequency-temperature relations to extract the temperature coefficients of the elastic tensor. In addition, power sensitivity of LGT resonators at cryogenic temperatures is determined and dominant loss mechanism is identified.Recently low temperature applications of piezoelectric Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) devices has drawn serious attention due to their extraordinary quality factors [1][2][3]. Such applications include but not limited to frequency control systems [4], quantum hybrid devices[2, 5, 6] and atomic force spectroscopy. It is demonstrated [7,8] that in most of these applications, and in frequency control in particular [9], thermal response of such devices is critical and requires further improvement. For this purpose, thermal coefficient of the utilised material have to be identified at the liquid helium temperature range.Although langasite-type materials were initially developed as laser crystals, some of their properties make them very good candidates for frequency control applications. Like other compounds of this crystal family, Lanthanum gallium tantalite (La 3 Ga 5.5 Ta 0.5 O 14 ) or Langatate (LGT) belongs to the same trigonal crystal class 32 as quartz, and as a consequence exhibits similar properties. First, it is piezoelectric with an electromechanical coupling coefficient two to three times greater than that of quartz. These properties make Langatate ideal for variety of frequency-control applications including BAW and surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators and filters [10]. BAW LGT resonators have already demonstrated their efficiency as master resonators in very stable oscillators [11]. Since LGT-based devices exhibit similar low phase noise and high Q regimes as quartz devices, they can also be classified as a low-loss material [12]. Nevertheless, such applications require careful selection of the material in terms of crystal quality. It should also be pointed out that LGT crystal can be made according to a purely synthetic process of growth whereas quartz crystal cannot be reproduce infinitely from synthetic seeds. Indeed, the crystalline quartz quality de-

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Anomalously strong nonlinearity of unswept quartz acoustic cavities at liquid helium temperatures

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

Inducing Strong Non-Linearities in a Phonon Trapping Quartz Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonator Coupled to a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device

Inducing Strong Non-Linearities in a Phonon Trapping Quartz Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonator Coupled to a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device

Observation of low-temperature magnetomechanic effects in crystalline resonant phonon cavities

Measurements of elastic properties of langatate at liquid helium temperatures for design of ultra low loss mechanical systems

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