Another decade of advances in research on primary cilia, porosomes and neosis: Some passing thoughts at 70

Wheatley, Denys N.

doi:10.1042/cbi20100119

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…An intriguing follow‐up question for future investigation is to ask the question, is the positional orientation of the ciliary axoneme significant only for signal transduction within an individual cell or is input received by individual chondrocytes involved with intercellular signaling integrated via the ECM throughout the population of chondrocytes, thus influencing the ability of the articular cartilage to sense the magnitude and duration of extrinsic forces and to integrate appropriate responses (Huang and Ingber,1999; Ingber,2003; Boudreau and Weaver,2006; Singla and Reiter,2006; Anderson et al,2008)? This opens up possibilities of considering that the primary cilium could be involved with both receiving and transmitting signals (Wheatley,2010) and thus with integrating a higher order memory of the mechanical loading environment of articular cartilage as a whole by imparting a long‐term cellular and tissue memory, similar to that hypothesized for bone cells and neuronal networks (Huang and Ingber,1999; Turner et al,2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orientation of Primary Cilia of Articular Chondrocytes in Three‐Dimensional Space

Farnum

Wilsman

2011

The Anatomical Record

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Primary cilia have functions as sensory organelles integral to signal transduction and establishment of cell polarity. In articular cartilage the primary cilium has been hypothesized to function as an antenna to sense the biomechanical environment, regulate the secretion of extracellular matrix components, and maintain cellular positional information, leading to high tissue anisotropy. We used analysis of electron microscopy serial sections to demonstrate positional attributes of the primary cilium of adult equine articular chondrocytes in situ. Data for $500 axonemes, comparing superficial to radiate chondrocytes from both load-bearing and non-load-bearing regions, were graphed using spherical co-ordinates y, u. The data demonstrate the axoneme has a definable orientation in 3D space differing in superficial and radiate zone chondrocytes, cells that differ by 90 in the orientation of their major axes to the articular surface. Axonemal orientation is more definable in load-bearing than in non-loadbearing areas. The position of emergence of the axoneme from the cell also is variable. In load-bearing regions of the superficial zone, extension of the axoneme is from the cellular side facing the subchondral bone. In radiate zone cells, axonemes extend from either face of the chondrocyte, that is, both toward the articular surface or toward the subchondral bone. In non-load-bearing regions this consistency is lost. These observations relate to current hypotheses concerning establishment of tissue anisotropy in articular cartilage during development, involving both migration of cells from the joint periphery and a restricted zone of division within the tissue resulting in the columnar arrangement of radiate zone cells. Anat Rec, 294:533-549, 2011. V V C 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orientation of Primary Cilia of Articular Chondrocytes in Three‐Dimensional Space

Farnum

Wilsman

2011

The Anatomical Record

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“…(Wang and Nathans,2007; Zallen 2007; Goodrich,2008; Jones et al,2008; Spassky et al,2008; Vladar et al,2009; Blitzer et al,2011); 3) In these tissues does the position of the basal body on the plasma membrane reflect its initial docking position, or is there the capability of lateral movement post-docking that might be critical for establishing cellular polarization, as has been demonstrated both in unicellular organisms (Absalon et al2007), as well as in establishment of cellular polarity in the inner ear (Cotanche and Corwin,1991; Denman-Johnson and Forge,1999; Jones et al,2008; Jones and Chen,2008); and 4) In tissues where cells are isolated from each other, can experiments be designed to test the hypothesis that 3-D orientation of the ciliary axoneme is related to intercellular communication (with individual cilia potentially involved with both sending and receiving information) through the extracellular matrix? (Wu et al,2001; Whitfield 2004; Ingber,2006; Berzat and Hall,2010; Wheatley,2010)?…”

Section: Significance Of Axonemal Positioning and Orientation In 3-d mentioning

confidence: 99%

Axonemal positioning and orientation in three‐dimensional space for primary cilia: What is known, what is assumed, and what needs clarification

Farnum

Wilsman

2011

Developmental Dynamics

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Two positional characteristics of the ciliary axoneme – its location on the plasma membrane as it emerges from the cell, and its orientation in three-dimensional space – are known to be critical for optimal function of actively motile cilia (including nodal cilia), as well as for modified cilia associated with special senses. However, these positional characteristics have not been analyzed to any significant extent for primary cilia. This review briefly summarizes the history of knowledge of these two positional characteristics across a wide spectrum of cilia, emphasizing their importance for proper function. Then the review focuses what is known about these same positional characteristics for primary cilia in all major tissue types where they have been reported. The review emphasizes major areas that would be productive for future research for understanding how positioning and 3-D orientation of primary cilia may be related to their hypothesized signaling roles within different cellular populations.

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“…Determination of the atomic structure of membrane-associated full-length SNAREs and their complexes as well as the neuronal porosome complex are being carried out using electron crystallography in our laboratory. Indeed, the nanobiology of porosomes became one of the forefronts of cell research today (53,54).…”

Section: Jenamentioning

confidence: 99%

Porosome: the universal secretory portal in cells

Jena

2010

Biomedical Reviews

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Front cover: The neuronal porosome complex at the presynaptic membrane, and a synaptic vesicle transiently dock and fuse to release neurotransmitters. Besides SNAREs, the porosome base contain calcium ion channels, required for the transient fusion of membrane-bound secretory vesicles. The top left panel shows an electron micrograph with a 40 nm in diameter synaptic vesicle fused at the base of a 12 nm cup-shaped neuronal porosome with a central plug. The top right panel demonstrated an atomic force micrograph of a neuronal porosome exibiting a central plug. The bottom panel is a schematic illustration of native neuronal porosome complexes at the presynaptic membrane, and a transiently fused synaptic vesicle at its base, in the process of expelling neurotransmitters. From Bhanu Jena's review, pp 1-15.

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Another decade of advances in research on primary cilia, porosomes and neosis: Some passing thoughts at 70

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Orientation of Primary Cilia of Articular Chondrocytes in Three‐Dimensional Space

Orientation of Primary Cilia of Articular Chondrocytes in Three‐Dimensional Space

Axonemal positioning and orientation in three‐dimensional space for primary cilia: What is known, what is assumed, and what needs clarification

Porosome: the universal secretory portal in cells

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