“…A week after arrival, rats underwent stereotaxic surgery to allow for bilateral microinjection of the anterograde tracer, biotinylated dextran amine (BDA), into the OFC. BDA is a widely used anterograde tracer that is selectively taken up by neurons at the site of injection (Wang et al, 2013). BDA is well transported both retrogradely and anterogradely depending on its molecular weight (Lazarov, 2013).…”
Section: Electrophoresis and Immunostaining For Each Mbpmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thus, there is no need to attach a biotin-conjugated secondary to BDA in order to visualise a peroxidase reaction product after incubation with avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) followed by diaminobenzidine (DAB) during histochemistry (Lazarov, 2013). Anterograde tracer and histochemistry techniques were based upon Springer Protocols for anterograde tracing experiments (Lazarov, 2013;Wang et al, 2013).…”
Section: Electrophoresis and Immunostaining For Each Mbpmentioning
Impulsive actions and decisions often lead to undesirable outcomes. Lesion and neuroimaging studies have revealed that the orbital frontal cortex (OFC) and dorsal striatum (dSTR) play key roles in inhibitory control. It has been proposed that greater OFC input into the dSTR reflects enhanced top-down cognitive control and less impulsive responding. We previously reported a sex difference in inhibitory control, such that female rats make fewer impulsive errors than do male rats. The goal of the present study was to investigate differences in the OFC and dSTR of young adult male and female rats. In Experiment 1, we measured levels of two myelin-associated proteins, myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin proteolipid protein (PLP), in the OFC and dSTR. Western blot data revealed that females had significantly higher levels of both MBP and PLP in the OFC but similar levels in the dSTR as compared to males. In Experiment 2, we infused the anterograde tracer, biotinylated dextran amine (BDA), into the OFC and measured the density of BDA in the dSTR. BDA was visualized using histochemistry followed by light microscopy imaging and densitometry analysis. Density of BDA in the dSTR was significantly greater in females as compared to males indicating that the projections from the OFC to dSTR may be greater in females as compared to males. Our results suggest a potential neuroanatomical sex difference that may contribute to the reported differences in inhibitory control levels of male and female rats.
“…A week after arrival, rats underwent stereotaxic surgery to allow for bilateral microinjection of the anterograde tracer, biotinylated dextran amine (BDA), into the OFC. BDA is a widely used anterograde tracer that is selectively taken up by neurons at the site of injection (Wang et al, 2013). BDA is well transported both retrogradely and anterogradely depending on its molecular weight (Lazarov, 2013).…”
Section: Electrophoresis and Immunostaining For Each Mbpmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thus, there is no need to attach a biotin-conjugated secondary to BDA in order to visualise a peroxidase reaction product after incubation with avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) followed by diaminobenzidine (DAB) during histochemistry (Lazarov, 2013). Anterograde tracer and histochemistry techniques were based upon Springer Protocols for anterograde tracing experiments (Lazarov, 2013;Wang et al, 2013).…”
Section: Electrophoresis and Immunostaining For Each Mbpmentioning
Impulsive actions and decisions often lead to undesirable outcomes. Lesion and neuroimaging studies have revealed that the orbital frontal cortex (OFC) and dorsal striatum (dSTR) play key roles in inhibitory control. It has been proposed that greater OFC input into the dSTR reflects enhanced top-down cognitive control and less impulsive responding. We previously reported a sex difference in inhibitory control, such that female rats make fewer impulsive errors than do male rats. The goal of the present study was to investigate differences in the OFC and dSTR of young adult male and female rats. In Experiment 1, we measured levels of two myelin-associated proteins, myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin proteolipid protein (PLP), in the OFC and dSTR. Western blot data revealed that females had significantly higher levels of both MBP and PLP in the OFC but similar levels in the dSTR as compared to males. In Experiment 2, we infused the anterograde tracer, biotinylated dextran amine (BDA), into the OFC and measured the density of BDA in the dSTR. BDA was visualized using histochemistry followed by light microscopy imaging and densitometry analysis. Density of BDA in the dSTR was significantly greater in females as compared to males indicating that the projections from the OFC to dSTR may be greater in females as compared to males. Our results suggest a potential neuroanatomical sex difference that may contribute to the reported differences in inhibitory control levels of male and female rats.
“…This indicates that this region, which lies partly on the posterior part of the parietal cortex overlaying the anterior extrastriate region of the primary visual cortex 21 (see Fig. 1 D), is highly connected with the whiskers subfield of S1, as suggested by anterograde tracing experiments 30 . Figure 4 Inference from experimental data.…”
How does cellular organization shape the spatio-temporal patterns of activity in the cortex while processing sensory information? After measuring the propagation of activity in the mouse primary somatosensory cortex (S1) in response to single whisker deflections with Voltage Sensitive Dye (VSD) imaging, we developed a two dimensional model of S1. We designed an inference method to reconstruct model parameters from VSD data, revealing that a spatially heterogeneous organization of synaptic strengths between pyramidal neurons in S1 is likely to be responsible for the heterogeneous spatio-temporal patterns of activity measured experimentally. The model shows that, for strong enough excitatory cortical interactions, whisker deflections generate a propagating wave in S1. Finally, we report that two consecutive stimuli activating different spatial locations in S1 generate two waves which collide sub-linearly, giving rise to a suppressive wave. In the inferred model, the suppressive wave is explained by a lower sensitivity to external perturbations of neural networks during activated states.
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