Anthocyanin Profiles in the Tropical Fruits Eugenia jambolana and Inga edulis: A Comparative Study Using Paper Spray Ionization (PSI‐MS), Tissue Spray Ionization (TSI‐MS), and Direct Infusion (DI‐MS)

Abstract

Paper spray ionization (PSI‐MS) and tissue spray ionization (TSI‐MS) mass spectrometry are simple and rapid ambient ionization mass spectrometry techniques that offer numerous advantages over conventional analysis methods. This study aims to analyze the efficiency of detecting anthocyanins from Eugenia jambolana fruit peel and Inga edulis seeds using PSI‐MS, TSI‐MS, and DI‐MS (direct infusion). DI‐MS exhibited high efficiency, detecting all compounds in abundance, with anthocyanins malvidin 3,5‐O‐diglucoside (1) and petunidin 3,5‐O‐diglucoside (2) being the most prevalent. PSI‐MS, however, struggled to detect delphinidin 3‐O‐glucoside and showed lower abundances for compounds 1, 2, 3 (delphinidin 3,5‐O‐diglucoside), and 4 (petunidin 3‐O‐glucoside) compared to DI‐MS, attributed to the technique's challenges with molecular weight and polarity. TSI‐MS was least effective, detecting only compounds 1, 2, and 3 at low intensities. The overall unique compounds identified across techniques were 134, emphasizing the importance of comprehensively employing multiple methods to analyze anthocyanins in these edible plants.