Anthrax: An Emerging Zoonotic Disease in Bangladesh

Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis bacterium and an acute infectious febrile septicemic disease of all warm-blooded animals including human. It is a disease of major economic importance in ruminant specially in goat characterized principally by a rapid fatal course followed by sudden death. The present investigation was under taken to determine the biochemical characterization of anthrax spore vaccine bacteria and to determine the immunological response in goat after anthrax vaccination. Anthrax vaccine was collected from local government veterinary hospital, Mymensingh which was prepared by LRI. The goats were selected from different regions of Bangladesh. The used methods were culture of vaccine bacterial sediment in different media, staining of bacteria with Gram's stain, and sugar fermentation tests for biochemical characterization of anthrax vaccine bacteria. Slide agglutination test and indirect ELISA tests were performed for immunological response after vaccination. Morphologically anthrax vaccine bacteria was gram positive rod shaped or short chain in anthrax vaccine sediment, culture in nutrient agar and nutrient broth. The anthrax vaccine bacteria fermented three sugars (dextrose, maltose and sucrose) and produced only acid but did not ferment two sugars (lactose and mannitol).

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“…Anthrax is now an emerged zoonotic disease of Bangladesh and it is enzootic also for long time (Ahmed et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical and immunological characterization of anthrax spore vaccine in goat

Roy

Rashid

Ferdoush

et al. 2014

Bangl. J. Vet. Med.

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“…It emerged as a zoonotic disease in this country during 2009(Ahmed et al, 2010. The disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracisis primarily a disease of ruminants and was one of the main causes of uncontrolled mortality in cattle, sheep, goats, horses and pigs worldwide until the development of an effective vaccine and introduction of antibiotics (Ahmed et al, 2010). Anthrax was periodically reported both in animals and humans in between 1949 and 1986.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal anthrax in Sirajganj district of Bangladesh from 2010 to 2012

Islam

Castellan

Akhter³

et al. 2016

Asian J. Med. Biol. Res

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A descriptive study was conducted using secondary surveillance data of animal anthrax from the Epidemiology Unit of Department of Livestock Services (DLS) for the years 2010, 2011 and 2012. The objectives of this study were to describe the pattern of animal anthrax in Sirajgong district of Bangladesh from 2010 to 2012 and to assess the current use of anthrax vaccine (Vaccine Coverage) based on animal, time and place. The study found that the disease was more prevalent in this district at the beginning of the early monsoon (Month of May, June when flood water enters) and the late monsoon (Month of September, October, when flood water recedes). Cattle were the predominant animal species affected with anthrax in this district followed by goats and sheep. The overall mean case fatality rate was 30.19%. The numbers of reported anthrax outbreaks in cattle had declined each year with 111 in 2010, 32 in 2011 and 20 in 2012. The annual mean vaccination coverage during the same years was 44.29%, 46.23% and 37.88% respectively. To reduce the number of outbreaks in animals and humans in Sirajganj district the annual vaccination coverage requires improvement. Behavior change through building greater awareness of anthrax is also needed at the farmer level for control and eradication of anthrax in animals as well as human.

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“…In Bangladesh, the disease was sporadically reported in animals and human until 2009 (Ahmed et al, 2010). In recent years, the disease occurred repeatedly; the outbreaks indicated that the disease is no longer sporadic, rather enzootic in Bangladesh (Ahmed et al, 2010;Fasanella et al, 2013;Ahsan et al, 2013).In different areas of Bangladesh, 14 outbreaks occurred during the period of August 2009 to October 2010, affecting 140 animals and subsequently to 273 humans. This created a panic to the people.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ELISA Based Anthrax Antibody Titer in Cattle Induced by Locally Prepared Anthrax Vaccine Originated from Sterne F-24 Strain in Bangladesh

et al. 2016

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Vaccination is usually practiced to prevent and control anthrax in Bangladesh. For this purpose, vaccine prepared from Sterne F-24 strain ofBacillus anthracisby Livestock Research Institute (LRI), Mohakhali, Dhakahas long been used in this country. However, in some cases anthrax occurred in vaccinated animals in Bangladesh. A total of 100 cattle at LalTeer Livestock Research and Development Farm, LalTeerLivestock Limited, Bangladesh, aging between 3-6 years and weighing between 250-400 kg were randomly selected for vaccination purpose. Blood samples (n=100) were collected before the vaccination for collecting pre-vaccination serum, andthe animals were vaccinated (at 1 mL/animal; 1x10 7 spores/mL) with the anthrax vaccine produced by LRI. All blood samples from the vaccinated animals were collected on day 7, 28, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240, 270, 300, 330, and 360 of post-vaccination, and serum samples were prepared. The antibody levels in the serum samples against anthrax were monitored using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Over the course of 12 months, the antibody titers were found at the level higher than the reference value. Though there were reports on anthrax suspected cases in this farm, no such cases were reported during the study period. Thus, the vaccine appears to induce adequate antibody response against anthrax in Bangladesh.

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Anthrax: An Emerging Zoonotic Disease in Bangladesh

Abstract: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v4i1.8470BJMM 2011; 4(1): 46-50

Cited by 29 publications

References 19 publications

Biochemical and immunological characterization of anthrax spore vaccine in goat

Biochemical and immunological characterization of anthrax spore vaccine in goat

Animal anthrax in Sirajganj district of Bangladesh from 2010 to 2012

ELISA Based Anthrax Antibody Titer in Cattle Induced by Locally Prepared Anthrax Vaccine Originated from Sterne F-24 Strain in Bangladesh

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