Anthrax does not forgive mistakes: the information assessment following the yamal peninsula outbreak in the summer of 2016

Shestakova, I V

doi:10.22625/2072-6732-2017-9-2-5-27

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Reindeer husbandry is an integral part of the Arctic and is practiced mostly in the Sápmi homeland of northern Fennoscandia and the Arctic Russia [ 49 ], and there were altogether 81 articles concerning infectious diseases in reindeer or caribou. While the Fennoscandian reindeer have been spared from brucellosis and anthrax, these bacterial infections have been a nuisance in Russia, where vaccination of reindeer against anthrax was widely practiced during the Soviet era, but not during the last decades [ 50 ]. The processes of permafrost thaw, overgrazing, and political interference with herding practices have released B. anthracis spores and caused new anthrax outbreaks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Selected Wildlife Infections in the Circumpolar Arctic—A Bibliometric Review

Emelyanova

Savolainen

Oksanen

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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One Health, a multidisciplinary approach to public health, which integrates human, animal, and environmental studies, is prudent for circumpolar Arctic health research. The objective of our bibliometric review was to identify and compare research in select infectious diseases in Arctic wildlife species with importance to human health indexed in English language databases (PubMed, Scopus) and the Russian database eLibrary.ru. Included articles (in English and Russian languages) needed to meet the following criteria: (1) data comes from the Arctic, (2) articles report original research or surveillance reports, (3) articles were published between 1990 and 2018, and (4) research relates to naturally occurring infections. Of the included articles (total n = 352), most were from Russia (n = 131, 37%), Norway (n = 58, 16%), Canada (n = 39, 11%), and Alaska (n = 39, 11%). Frequently reported infectious agents among selected mammals were Trichinella spp. (n = 39), Brucella spp. (n = 25), rabies virus (n = 11), Echinococcus spp. (n = 10), and Francisella tularensis (n = 9). There were 25 articles on anthrax in eLibrary.ru, while there were none in the other two databases. We identified future directions where opportunities for further research, collaboration, systematic reviews, or monitoring programs are possible and needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Selected Wildlife Infections in the Circumpolar Arctic—A Bibliometric Review

Emelyanova

Savolainen

Oksanen

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Летом 2016 г. обстановка по данной инфекции резко осложнилась в связи с крупнейшей с 40-х годов прошлого столетия эпизоотией среди северных оленей (Rangifer tarandus) в Ямало-Ненецком автономном округе (ЯНАО), повлекшей за собой и эпидемические осложнения. В период с 25 июля по 2 августа в Ямальском районе ЯНАО было зарегистрировано 36 случаев заболевания людей сибирской язвой из числа 97 госпитализированных [2][3][4].…”

Section: биологическая безопасность и защита от биологических угрозunclassified

The Results of Monitoring of Deathplaces of Animals, Died from Anthrax during the Epizootic 2016 in Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District

2017

Journal of NBC Protection Corps

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The article presents the results of the study of samples taken in 2017 by the specialists from the «48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of Defence of Russia in the course of the survey of deathplaces of animals in the territories of Yamal region of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, contaminated by the Bacillus anthracis agent. Thirty two samples have been taken during the survey. Real-time PCR identified specific fragments of B. anthracis DNA in two of them – in the ash, taken at the spot of the cremation of the reindeer`s corpse and in the biological material from one of the unburned corpses. Pure microbial cultures of B. anthracis agent have been obtained from these samples. They all possessed the biological properties, typical for high virulent B. anthracis strains. The lethal dose (LD 50 ) for white mice turned out to be 5.8 and 6.2 spores for No 3 and No 13 isolates consequently, and the average lifetime of animals since the moment of contamination till death did not exceed 3.5 days. The genetic typing of the isolated isolates for 18 VNTR-loci of the chromosomal localization showed that their genotypes were identic to the B. anthracis strain Yamal-1, obtained by the experts from the branch offfice of the «48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of Defence of Russia (Kirov) from the corpse of a reindeer during the liquidation of the anthrax epizootic in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District in summer 2016. The coincidence of the genetic profiles of the isolated microbial cultures and B. anthracis strain Yamal-1 indicated one common source of their origin and the presence of the stable focus of B. anthracis at the territory of Yamal District. This fact needs more attention from local authorities and requires concerted attention to the epizootic and epidemiological situation in the region.

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“…In 2007, a decade before the outbreak, the vaccination of the reindeer was halted (Popova et al 2016;Arkhangelskaya 2016). During this decade, more than 200,000 samples of soil from 32 of known anthrax-contaminated areas of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District were analyzed and none showed signs of B. anthracis (Shestakova 2016;Selyaninov et al 2016). Vulnerability of bacteria to repetitive freeze-thaw cycles (Malkhazova et al 2019) could lead to an eventual sanitation of the soil, given decades of epidemiological stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic Factors Influencing the Anthrax Outbreak of 2016 in Siberia, Russia

et al. 2021

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In 2016, an outbreak of anthrax killing thousands of reindeer and affecting dozens of humans occurred on the Yamal peninsula, Northwest Siberia, after 70 years of epidemiological situation without outbreaks. The trigger of the outbreak has been ascribed to the activation of spores due to permafrost thaw that was accelerated during the summer heat wave. The focus of our study is on the dynamics of local environmental factors in connection with the observed anthrax revival. We show that permafrost was thawing rapidly for already 6 years before the outbreak. During 2011–2016, relatively warm years were followed by cold years with a thick snow cover, preventing freezing of the soil. Furthermore, the spread of anthrax was likely intensified by an extremely dry summer of 2016. Concurrent with the long-term decreasing trend in the regional annual precipitation, the rainfall in July 2016 was less than 10% of its 30-year mean value. We conclude that epidemiological situation of anthrax in the previously contaminated Arctic regions requires monitoring of climatic factors such as warming and precipitation extremes.

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Anthrax does not forgive mistakes: the information assessment following the yamal peninsula outbreak in the summer of 2016

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Research on Selected Wildlife Infections in the Circumpolar Arctic—A Bibliometric Review

Research on Selected Wildlife Infections in the Circumpolar Arctic—A Bibliometric Review

The Results of Monitoring of Deathplaces of Animals, Died from Anthrax during the Epizootic 2016 in Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District

Climatic Factors Influencing the Anthrax Outbreak of 2016 in Siberia, Russia

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