Anthrax in animals and a farmer in Alto Adige, Italy

Kreidl, Peter; Stifter, Ernst; Richter, A; Aschbacher, Richard; Nienstedt, Frank; Unterhuber, H; Barone, S; Huemer, Hartwig P.; Carattoli, Alessandra; Moroder, Luca; Atti, M L Ciofi Degli; Rota, Maria Cristina; Morosetti, G.; Larcher, Clara

doi:10.2807/esw.11.07.02900-en

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…This conclusion was tentatively suggested during the epidemiologic investigation of this anthrax case (18 ), and we have confirmed that inference. Based on the HRMA and the MLVA25 analyses, we have assigned these 2 strains to B. anthracis cluster B3.…”

supporting

confidence: 73%

“…We applied HRMA initially to a B. anthracis collection at the Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy. This collection consists of 12 strains-10 previously analyzed with MLVA25 and 2 new isolates of a B. anthracis strain involved in a recent case of human anthrax in Italy (18 ). One of these latter isolates was from necropsy materials from a sheep killed by anthrax, and one was isolated from the shepherd's cutaneous lesion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of High-Resolution Melting Analysis for Low-Cost and Rapid Screening of Allelic Variants of Bacillus anthracis by Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis

Fortini

Ciammaruconi²,

Santis³

et al. 2007

Clinical Chemistry

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Background: Molecular genotyping of Bacillus anthracis, the etiologic agent of anthrax, is important for differentiating and identifying strains from different geographic areas and for tracing strains deliberately released in a bioterrorism attack. We previously described a multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) based on 25 marker loci. Although the method has great differentiating power and reproducibility, faster genotyping at low cost may be requested to accurately identify B. anthracis strains in the field. Methods: We used the High Resolution Melter-1 (Idaho Technology) and a saturating dye of double-stranded DNA (LCGreen I) to identify alleles via PCR and melting-curve analysis of the amplicons. We applied high-resolution melting analysis (HRMA) to a collection of 19 B. anthracis strains. Results: HRMA produced reproducible results for 6 of the 25 B. anthracis loci tested. These easily interpretable and distinguishable melting curve results were consistent with MLVA results obtained for the same alleles. The feasibility of this method was demonstrated in testing of different allelic variants for the 6 selected loci. Conclusions: The described HRMA application for screening B. anthracis VNTR loci is fast and widely accessible and may prove particularly useful under field conditions.

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supporting

confidence: 73%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of High-Resolution Melting Analysis for Low-Cost and Rapid Screening of Allelic Variants of Bacillus anthracis by Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis

Fortini

Ciammaruconi²,

Santis³

et al. 2007

Clinical Chemistry

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“…Local knowledge of anthrax is vastly improved [ 10 - 12 ]. In recent years, outbreaks have been recorded in the Northeastern [ 13 ] and Northern [ 14 ] regions of Italy. Unfortunately, because of the ephemeral cycles of this disease, it is not always possible to establish the full extent of anthrax distribution in specific regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthrax phylogenetic structure in Northern Italy

et al. 2011

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BackgroundAnthrax has almost disappeared from mainland Europe, except for the Mediterranean region where cases are still reported. In Central and South Italy, anthrax is enzootic, but in the North there are currently no high risk areas, with only sporadic cases having been registered in the last few decades. Regional genetic and molecular characterizations of anthrax in these regions are still lacking. To investigate the potential molecular diversity of Bacillus anthracis in Northern Italy, canonical Single nucleotide polymorphism (canSNP) and Multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) genotyping was performed against all isolates from animal outbreaks registered in the last twenty years in the region.FindingsSix B. anthracis strains were analyzed. The canSNP analysis indicates the presence of three sublineages/subgroups each of which belong to one of the 12 worldwide CanSNP genotypes: B.Br.CNEVA (3 isolates), A.Br.005/006 (1 isolates) and A.008/009 (2 isolate). The latter is the dominant canSNP genotype in Italy. The 15-loci MLVA analysis revealed five different genotypes among the isolates.ConclusionsThe major B branch and the A.Br.005/006 were recovered in the Northeast region. The genetic structure of anthrax discovered in this area differs from the rest of the country, suggesting the presence of a separate and independent B. anthracis molecular evolution niche. Although the isolates analyzed in this study are limited in quantity and representation, these results indicate that B. anthracis genetic diversity changes around the Alps.

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“…Regional and local health care units have done their due diligence on it and emergency and intensive care units should be ready to diagnose and treat even the pulmonary forms. A recent outbreak of natural anthrax has shown a valid integrated response to control it [ 14 ] . Small attacks would be faced similarly.…”

Section: Anthraxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Study – Italy

Urbano¹,

Gismondo

2012

NATO Science for Peace and Security Series A: Chemistry and Biology

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After the peak of interest in 2001, the threat of bioterrorism is now considered just one of the diverse risks Italy's society faces endangering public health. Without major investments, the effort has been to integrate existing resources, to implement tight links among national and supranational agencies and to make plans for their most ef fi cient involvement in case of need. The mainstay for the response to a biological attack is represented by the public health system, entrusted to Italy's national health service, centrally coordinated but put into action by the Regions. The emerging threat of emerging infectious diseases and of bioterrorism has shown the need for a change in the education curricula of sanitary professions and for speci fi c training of fi rst line operators. Speci fi c courses have been activated by universities and other bodies, but attendance has been limited by the lack of ad hoc funds.

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Anthrax in animals and a farmer in Alto Adige, Italy

Abstract: Between 21 and 29 December 2005, seven animals (1 bull, 1 cow, 1 sheep and 4 goats) died within 2 hours of becoming ill on a remote farm (1500 m above sea level) in Alto Adige, northern Italy

Cited by 4 publications

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Optimization of High-Resolution Melting Analysis for Low-Cost and Rapid Screening of Allelic Variants of Bacillus anthracis by Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis

Optimization of High-Resolution Melting Analysis for Low-Cost and Rapid Screening of Allelic Variants of Bacillus anthracis by Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis

Anthrax phylogenetic structure in Northern Italy

Case Study – Italy

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