Anthropometric and aesthetic analysis of the Indian American woman's face

Abstract

Facial measurements in IAW are much different from NAWW, and these results will assist in preoperative planning. Several features are correlated with attractiveness in IAW: larger and wider-set eyes, a smaller midface, a smaller nose with greater tip rotation, smaller ears and a larger mouth. Attractive IAW display many measurements typical of average IAW and several measurements that reflect average NAWW values. These results contribute to concepts of transcultural aesthetics--for a minority ethnic group, facial beauty appears to be an assimilation of deep-rooted ethnic features with prevailing cultural traits and aesthetic standards.

Comparison of soft-tissue orbital morphometry in attractive and normal Italian subjects

“…In good accord with previous studies, performed using both three-dimensional 19 and two-dimensional measurements, 3,8,12 the inclinations of the eye fissure were increased in attractive subjects. According to Volpe and Ramirez, 8 the upward inclination of the intercanthal axis is a specific characteristic of the beautiful eye, suggesting neoteny because of its agerelated modifications.…”

“…The larger number of attractive women depended on the larger number of female beauty competitions organized in Italy. In a different ethnic/sociocultural context, different kinds of attractive faces might be chosen, 6,8,12,14 even if the good agreement between the present data and literature reports makes the resulting patterns sufficiently trustworthy for white subjects. Overall, the soft tissue orbital region in Italian attractive men and women has been found to have specific characteristics.…”

“…3,19 The present finding of some degree of hypotelorism contrasts with previous reports of no changes in the intercanthal distance 19 or of some degree of hypertelorism. 8,12 Both different methods (two-dimensional vs three-dimensional) and ethnicity of the subjects may partly explain the differences. In the current attractive subjects, the orbital height to eye fissure length ratio was reduced, in partial contrast with the data from Farkas.…”

“…3,5,6,8,[12][13][14] According to the current theories of evolutionary psychology, the esthetic assessment of adult faces depends on various combinations of averageness, symmetry, neoteny (babyness) and youthfulness, and sexual dimorphism. [1][2][3][4]15 Studies on facial attractiveness focused both on the psychological bases of esthetic perception 1,3,16 and on actual measurements computed for faces ( faces) considered more or less attractive.…”

“…[1][2][3][4]15 Studies on facial attractiveness focused both on the psychological bases of esthetic perception 1,3,16 and on actual measurements computed for faces ( faces) considered more or less attractive. 2,4,5,12,[17][18][19][20] Unfortunately, previous investigations were mostly performed on two-dimensional images (only Farkas 19 used three-dimensional measurements), did not report global measures such as facial areas, and scantly assessed men. Most of the preceding studies were made in women, and the assessment of male attractiveness was almost always limited to those parts of the face positively influenced by high testosterone levels (a signal of sexual dimorphism).…”