Anthropometry and Body Composition Profile of Girls With Nonsurgically Treated Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Barrios, Carlos; Cortés, Sandra; Pérez-Encinas, Cristina; Escrivá, María Dolores; Benet, Inmaculada; Burgos, Jesús; Hevia, Eduardo; Piză, Gabriel; Doménech, Pedro

doi:10.1097/brs.0b013e3181f55083

Cited by 70 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Furthermore, we have identified differences in function of adipose tissue as assessed by adipocyte-derived hormone levels at age 10 years, before the onset of clinically detectable scoliosis. Our results are consistent with the results of previous case-control studies, (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) but the effect size is smaller. Our findings suggest that the association between lower body weight and an increased risk of scoliosis is not due to bias and is explained by differences in both fat and lean mass.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…One study used skin fold thickness measures at multiple sites combined with other caliper measures such as bistyloid diameter at the wrist, to estimate percentage body fat, lean mass, and muscular weight, (11) but was unable to identify any difference in percentage body fat or muscle mass, despite lower body weight and BMI in those with scoliosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Association Between Components of Body Composition and Scoliosis: A Prospective Cohort Study Reporting Differences Identifiable Before the Onset of Scoliosis

Clark

Taylor

Harding

et al. 2014

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is an increasing body of research suggesting that low body weight is associated with scoliosis, but this is based on case-control studies, which are prone to bias. No studies have investigated the components of body weight: fat and lean mass. We have therefore carried out the first population-based prospective study of the association between fat and lean mass at age 10 years assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), with presence of scoliosis at age 15 years using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). All children with scoliosis at age 10 years were excluded. Of 5299 children at age 15 years, 312 (5.9%) had scoliosis. Our results show a negative association between body mass index (BMI)/body weight at age 10 years and scoliosis at age 15 years, with a 20% reduced risk of scoliosis per SD increase in BMI (odds ratio [OR], 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70-0.92; p ¼ 0.001). This association with BMI/body weight reflects associations with both fat mass and lean mass. After adjustment for age, gender, leg length, and fat mass per SD increase in lean mass, there was a 20% reduced risk of scoliosis (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.65-0.97) and per SD increase in fat mass there was a 13% reduced risk of scoliosis (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.74-1.03). In terms of adipocyte function, an inverse association was seen between leptin at age 10 years and scoliosis (OR for scoliosis per SD increase in leptin of 0.78; 95% CI, 0.63-0.99), and a positive association between adiponectin at age 10 years and scoliosis (OR for scoliosis per SD increase in adiponectin of 1.44; 95% CI, 0.99-2.10). This is the first study to address the association between the individual components of body weight and scoliosis in a prospective cohort study, and shows altered body composition that is present before the onset of clinically detected scoliosis.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Components of Body Composition and Scoliosis: A Prospective Cohort Study Reporting Differences Identifiable Before the Onset of Scoliosis

Clark

Taylor

Harding

et al. 2014

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Even if these methods have been used in various studies to calculate the corrected body height in scoliotic patients, a comparison of the methods has never been performed by an independent research [2,5,13,14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Corrected body height is needed to establish various clinical parameters such as normal values of blood pressure in children, lungs vital capacity (VC), growth charts, and body mass index (BMI) [1][2][3][4][5][6]. In 1968, Bjure et al [7,8] developed an empirically based formula employing the Cobb angle for predicting proper body height in scoliotic patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potential for inaccuracy of the methods has been reported, because none of them consider the actual height of the subject with scoliosis [12]. In spite of this hypothesized limitation the methods are being used to calculate BMI or VC of patients with scoliosis [2,5,13,14]. None of the methods is considered as a gold standard for calculating the corrected body height in scoliotic individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Calculation of corrected body height in idiopathic scoliosis: comparison of four methods

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose The aim of the study was to analyze four radiographic methods of calculating the loss of body height associated with scoliosis. Methods Thirty patients with right thoracic idiopathic scoliosis were examined with standing postero-anterior radiographs. Cobb angles of the upper thoracic, main thoracic and lumbar curves were measured. The loss of body height due to scoliosis was measured directly on the radiographs and then calculated using the methods of Bjure, Kono, Stokes and Ylikoski, respectively. The reproducibility of calculations was tested. Detailed analysis of two patients with similar Cobb angle but different trunk height was performed. Results The mean Cobb angle of the main thoracic curve was 46°(21°-74°). The mean loss of body height was 23 mm (11-43 mm) calculated by method of Bjure, 7 mm (-24 to 46 mm) by Kono, 20 mm (5-47 mm) by Stokes, 14 mm (3-36 mm) by Ylikoski, versus 18 mm (3-50 mm) measured directly on radiographs. The overall difference between the loss of body heights was significant (p \ 0.0001), with significant differences in pairs for: Bjure versus Kono (p \ 0.0001), Stokes versus Kono (p = 0.0002), Kono versus measured (p = 0.0061) and Bjure versus Ylikoski (p = 0.0386). Strong linear correlation between the methods was found (r C 0.92; p \ 0.0001). High reproducibility of height loss calculations was noticed. The two patients with similar Cobb angle and different trunk height revealed similar height loss calculated, while different loss measured on radiographs. Conclusions There existed no overall agreement between the four methods of calculation of the loss of body height associated with scoliosis. Calculations based on the Cobb angle produced inaccuracy and could be supplemented with data considering trunk size.

show abstract

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: The mechanobiology of differential growth

Smit

2020

JOR Spine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has been linked to neurological, genetic, hormonal, microbial, and environmental cues. Physically, however, AIS is a structural deformation, hence an adequate theory of etiology must provide an explanation for the forces involved. Earlier, we proposed differential growth as a possible mechanism for the slow, three-dimensional deformations observed in AIS. In the current perspective paper, the underlying mechanobiology of cells and tissues is explored. The musculoskeletal system is presented as a tensegrity-like structure, in which the skeletal compressive elements are stabilized by tensile muscles, ligaments, and fasciae. The upright posture of the human spine requires minimal muscular energy, resulting in less compression, and stability than in quadrupeds. Following Hueter-Volkmann Law, less compression allows for faster growth of vertebrae and intervertebral discs. The substantially larger intervertebral disc height observed in AIS patients suggests high intradiscal pressure, a condition favorable for notochordal cells; this promotes the production of proteoglycans and thereby osmotic pressure. Intradiscal pressure overstrains annulus fibrosus and longitudinal ligaments, which are then no longer able to remodel and grow, and consequently induce differential growth. Intradiscal pressure thus is proposed as the driver of AIS and may therefore be a promising target for prevention and treatment.

show abstract

Anthropometry and Body Composition Profile of Girls With Nonsurgically Treated Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Cited by 70 publications

References 29 publications

Association Between Components of Body Composition and Scoliosis: A Prospective Cohort Study Reporting Differences Identifiable Before the Onset of Scoliosis

Association Between Components of Body Composition and Scoliosis: A Prospective Cohort Study Reporting Differences Identifiable Before the Onset of Scoliosis

Calculation of corrected body height in idiopathic scoliosis: comparison of four methods

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: The mechanobiology of differential growth

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About