Anthropometry and Size Groups in the Clothing Industry

Abstract

It appears that from generation to generation the anthropometric dimensions of the human population are changing. The aim of this paper was to examine the extent of these changes and the need for generating updated measurements for the clothing industry. The clothing industry uses mannequins and avatars to represent the modal group of the population. The industry tends to use three different categories for the human body shape (endomorphic, mesomorphic, and ectomorphic). The clothing industry should focus on specific measurements of the body rather than general categories and create more body shapes to satisfy customer needs. The paper also aimed at showing the problems faced by clothing designers. The traditional way of measuring takes into account only selected dimensions of the human body; this does not reflect the “true” overall body shape. The dimension tables used by the apparel industry are based on the fourth anthropometric photograph taken between 1987 and 1989. These tables are still in the use currently; however, after 30 years they are outdated and should be revised for the young contemporary generation. This study can be used for the development of new dimension tables as well as defining methods aimed at improving the quality of measurements for clothing engineering purposes. This is an important issue, because the National Institute of Anthropometry does not deal with such problems (the measurements are conducted mainly for understanding the human body shape rather than any other application), which means that anthropometric measurements are not ideally suited to applications of clothes fitting.

Stability study of a superbase-derived ionic liquid [mTBNH][OAc] with enhanced cellulose dissolution ability: thermal and natural degradation

“…This aggravates the already critical water scarcity issue. 3,4 Furthermore, the utilization of fertilizers in cotton cultivation contributes to the contamination of both surface and groundwater. 3 As for regenerated fibers, i.e., cellulose which undergoes a dissolution / spinning sequence, a major concern relates to the use of hazardous chemicals, such as carbon disulfide in rayon fiber production, and the release of pollutants into air and water.…”

“…3,4 Furthermore, the utilization of fertilizers in cotton cultivation contributes to the contamination of both surface and groundwater. 3 As for regenerated fibers, i.e., cellulose which undergoes a dissolution / spinning sequence, a major concern relates to the use of hazardous chemicals, such as carbon disulfide in rayon fiber production, and the release of pollutants into air and water. 5 On the contrary to rayon manufacture, the lyocell process is considered to be more environmentally friendly: cellulose is directly dissolved in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) without chemical derivatization, followed by extrusion through a spinneret, stretching within an air gap, and ultimate regeneration within a spin bath composed only of water.…”

Initial Investigation Into Real 3D Body Scanning Versus Avatars for the Virtual Fitting of Garments

“…In the younger age range, the body shape is more compact and fi rmer-breast tissue is fi rmer, there are less pockets of fat and the skin is tighter, which results in smoother body contours. In the older age range, the body shape undergoes many changes such as a sloping back, sagging breasts, and the stomach and buttocks lose skin elasticity causing them to droop [2]. The second issue is the body fat distribution.…”