Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Quantitative Analysis of Major Compounds of the Mixtures of Derris scandens (DZSS) Formula

Abstract

The mixtures of Derris scandens (DZSS) formula is a Thai traditional medicine, which consists of Derris scandens (Roxb.) Benth. (Fam.Leguminosae-Papilioideae) (D), Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. (Fam.Zingiberaceae) (Z), Suregada multiflora Baill. (Fam.Euphorbiaceae) (S) and Siphonodon celastrineus (Fam.Celastraceae) (S). According to the Thai National List of Essential Herbal Medicine (2013), there are two traditional formulas of DZSS formula, DZSS1 and DZSS2, which contains a different amount of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. rhizome. The ratios of 4 herbs (D:Z:S:S) in the DZSS1 and DZSS2 formulas are 1:1:1:1 and 1:2:1:1, respectively. 1,2 The DZSS formula has been traditionally used for relieving muscle pain. The formula is given orally at the dosage of 900-1,500 mg three times a day immediately after a meal. This medicinal herb formula is contraindicated in pregnant women and should be carefully used in patients with peptic ulcer since D. scandens showed a similar mechanism of anti-inflammation as that of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with an inhibition against prostaglandin production. 1,2 Gastrointestinal side effects are thus the major disadvantage of the oral DZSS formula. It is therefore interesting to develop the DZSS formula in a topical dosage form. Previously literature reviewed on the subject of single ingredients of the DZSS formula indicated the presence of coumarins, isoflavones, flavones, isoflavone glycosides and phenyl coumarins as chemical constituents from D. scandens. 3-5 D. scandens, has been used in Ayurvedic, Thai and Chinese herbal medicine to treat a variety of painrelated conditions, including muscle pain, joint pain, arthritis and headaches. Dalpanitin and vicenin-3, two of the flavonoids isolated from D. scandens gave MICs of 23 μg mL-1 against S. aureus. Dalpanitin also exhibited relevant MICs on Gramnegative bacteria (94 μg mL-1 against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). 6 For the Thai traditional medicine, volatile oil from Z. cassumunar has been used directly apply and penetrate on the skin for remedied for muscle stress and joint pain. 7 Four phenylbutanoids including (E)-4(3´,4´dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-ol (compound D), (E)-(3´,4´-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-yl acetate (D-acetate), (E)-1(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)butadiene (DMPBD) and (E)-3(3´,4´-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-[(E)-3´,4´-dimethoxystyr yl]cyclohex1-en (DMPDMS) that isolated from Z. cassumunar extract. 8,9 The stem of S. multiflora and S. celastrineus have been used for treatment of skin disease. The bark of S. multiflora found chemical constituents such as two ent-kaurene diterpenes, ent-16-kaurene-3β,15β,18-triol and ent-3-oxo-16-kaurene-15β,18-ABSTRACT Background: The mixtures of Derris scandens (DZSS) formula is a Thai traditional medicine, which consists of 4 medicinal plants, including Derris scandens (Roxb.) Benth. (D) Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. (Z), Suregada multiflora Baill. (S) and Siphonodon celastrineus (S). The DZSS formula has been used in an oral dosage form for the treatment of muscle pain. However...

Quantitative analysis of triterpene lupeol and anti-inflammatory potential of the extracts of traditional pain-relieving medicinal plants Derris scandens, Albizia procera, and Diospyros rhodocalyx

“…Referring to the published analytical method for the determination of an active principle in DS and its related herbal formulas, the isoflavone genistein was used as one of the chemical markers for substantiating the plant materials in a previous report. [ 12 ] Comparing the signal of the active marker in the HPLC chromatograms of the literature with the peak of triterpene lupeol in the chromatograms of this study, lupeol that was determined by our developed method using an isocratic system was more recognizable. Thus, it could be used effectively as an analytical tool for the quality control of DS, AP, and DR materials.…”

Wound-healing activity and quantification of bioactive compounds from Derris scandens extract

“…Lupeol yield was detected in all extracts to a much greater extent than genistein, implying that the lupeol compound is evident as an important constituent in DS extracts in the same manner that genistein, a primitive chemical marker, has been present. [ 3 4 5 ] As a result, lupeol could be an efficient alternative marker for DS extract quality control. Moreover, when the percentage of ethanol in the extraction was raised, the ratio of lupeol to genistein increased approximately six-fold.…”

“…[ 2 ] Among these compounds, the isoflavone genistein was identified and issued in Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia as a marker for the chemical analysis in DS quality control due to its competent bioactivity in anti-inflammatory tests as demonstrated in previous studies. [ 4 5 ] Although genistein was reported to have pharmacological effects that contributed to the plant's traditional use, researchers are also interested in exploring the other chemical constituents isolated from DS stems for their related bioactivities, which could elevate the plant as a value-added herb for health promotion. One of the chemical components in the alcoholic extract of DS stems was recently identified as the pentacyclic triterpenoid lupeol.…”

Comparison of Antimicrobial and Membrane Stabilizing Properties of Leaf and Stem Extracts of Derris scandens (Roxb.) Benth. (Family: Fabaceae)

“…Traditionally, D. scandens plant extract has mostly been used for its analgesic property. Since long ago, this plant has been used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, joint diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, rheumatic diseases and muscle tension (Ayameang et al, 2020;Hematulin et al, 2014;Ito et al, 2020;Punjanon, 2018;Sookaromdee and Wiwanitkit, 2019). D. scandens plant extract was reported to possess for its antitussive, expectorant, anti-dysentery, antihypertensive, antibacterial, anti-HIV, immunomodulatory, abortifacient, antimicrobial and diuretic properties.…”