Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Jaanus, Siret D.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-7506-9322-6.50013-1

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…Our data suggest that LOS may exert, at least, some part of its anti-allergic effect via suppressing Th2 cells in the tears of VKC patients. Probably this effect may mediate inhibition of Th2 cells directly, because mast cell stabilisers have an ability to inhibit leucocyte activation directly [20]. However, our data were not sufficient to prove this hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…However, the mecha- nism(s) of this action of LOS and other mast cell stabilisers is not well understood. The action of disodium cromoglycate and other mast cell stabilisers in asthma and related conditions may be partially linked to its ability to inhibit leucocyte activation directly, thus blocking the tissue destruction that is normally caused by inflammatory cells [20]. It is also possible that mast cell stabilisers may mediate their action by inhibiting the release of substance P and other neuropeptides from sensory nerve endings [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies, however, indicate that mast cell stabilisers may act through other mechanisms. In vitro studies using disodium cromoglycate at low concentrations in a time-dependent fashion have shown inhibition of human neutrophil, eosinophil and monocyte activation, while nedocromil sodium has been shown to block activation and mediator release from eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, mast cells and platelets [20,21]. A recent trial, designed as double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled and parallelgroup treatment and carried out in 30 patients suffering from seasonal allergic conjunctivitis due to grass pollen, has shown that LOS exerts its anti-allergic activity by reducing the inflammatory infiltrate (mainly eosinophils) in the conjunctiva [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacological Mechanism of Topical Lodoxamide Treatment in Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: A Flow-Cytometric Study

Avunduk

Dayanir

et al. 1998

Ophthalmic Res

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The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effect of lodoxamide 0.1% ophthalmic solution (LOS) on tear T lymphocytes, especially Th2 (T helper 2 subgroup of helper T lymphocytes), in the tear specimens of patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and to explore the mechanism of the anti-allergic effect of this drug. Twenty-eight active VKC patients were randomly divided into two groups each containing 14 patients. We obtained tear samples from all patients at the beginning of the study. LOS was prescribed to the study group (group A), but the controls (group B) received placebo over the course of 6 weeks. Tear samples were also collected from all patients following a 6-week course of treatment with either LOS or placebo. The percentages of Th1, Th2 and Th cells in the tear samples were measured by using a flow-cytometric technique and the results were compared to each other by using Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank and Mann-Whitney U tests. We found that LOS treatment decreased the percentages of Th2 and Th cells in the tears of group A patients, while placebo had no effect on these values. Th1 cell count in the tears of both groups of patients did not show any significant change between the pre- and posttreatment stages. Our data suggest that LOS exerts, at least, some part of its anti-allergic effect via decreasing the Th2 cell number in the tears of VKC patients.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacological Mechanism of Topical Lodoxamide Treatment in Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: A Flow-Cytometric Study

Avunduk

Dayanir

et al. 1998

Ophthalmic Res

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“…Hormone Systems, Chap. 4.. Corticosteroids are widely used for the treatment of ocular inflammation [62][63][64]. Prednisolone, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, medrysone, and fluorometholone are available intopical ocular preparations (suspension, ointment, or solution).…”

Section: Corticosteroidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prednisolone, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, medrysone, and fluorometholone are available intopical ocular preparations (suspension, ointment, or solution). In certain cases, topical application may be supplemented or replaced by systemic or periocular administration (e.g., severe anterior uveitis and inflammation of the posterior segment, optic nerve, or orbit) [62], [63].…”

Section: Corticosteroidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ophthalmological Preparations

Dolak¹,

Lever²,

Marsh³

et al. 2000

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Anesthetics 2.1. Topical Anesthetics 2.2. Regional Anesthetics 3. Antimicrobial Agents 3.1. Antibacterial Agents 3.1.1. Sulfonamides 3.1.2. β‐Lactam Antibiotics 3.1.2.1. Penicillins 3.1.2.2. Cephalosporins 3.1.3. Tetracycline Antibiotics 3.1.4. Aminoglycoside Antibiotics 3.1.5. Polypeptide Antibiotics 3.1.6. Miscellaneous Antimicrobial Agents 3.2. Antifungal Agents 3.3. Antiprotozoal Agents 3.4. Antiviral Agents 4. Anti‐inflammatory Agents 4.1. Corticosteroids 4.2. Miscellaneous Anti‐inflammatory Agents 5. Antiglaucomatous Agents 5.1. Sympathomimetic Drugs 5.2. β‐Adrenergic Blocking Agents 5.3. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors 5.4. Hyperosmotic Agents 5.5. Miotics (Parasympathomimetic Agents) 5.5.1. Cholinergic Agonists 5.5.2. Anticholinesterases 6. Mydriatics and Cycloplegics 6.1. Sympathomimetics 6.2. Parasympatholytics 7. Vasoactive (Adrenergic) Agents 8. Diagnostic Agents 9. Dry Eye Medications 10. Miscellaneous Ophthalmic and Contact Lens Preparations 10.1. Disinfectants and Preservatives 10.1.1. Biguanides 10.1.2. Mercurial Preservatives 10.1.3. Quaternary Ammonium Compounds 10.1.4. Miscellaneous Disinfectants and Preservatives 10.2. Contact Lens Cleaners and Rewetting Agents 10.2.1. Surfactant Cleaners 10.2.2. Enzymatic Cleaners

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Reversible cycloplegia caused by duloxetine: a case report

Yüksel

Kotan

Göka

2017

Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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A Duloxetine is a balanced and potent dual reuptake inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine (SNRI) that has previously been shown to be effective in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder, and diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP). Cycloplegia is paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye, resulting in a loss of accommodation. Here, we present a reversible cycloplegia case caused by duloxetine use. The patient was a 24 years-old woman with MDD diagnosis. Patient had somatic symptoms like fatigue, myalgia, and headache, besides her depressive symptoms for the last two months. Escitalopram and sertraline were used for her MDD before and she had to quit both owing to side effects such as nausea and drowsiness. Duloxetine 30mg/day treatment was started in our outpatient clinic. In her first follow-up exam, she reported light sensitivity and increased visual impairment. The visual impairment led dizziness and an increase in headache. She was consulted to ophthalmology unit of our hospital and cycloplegia was detected in her eye examination. Duloxetine was stopped in the ninth day of treatment but cycloplegia negatively affected the patient's daily life for almost 4 weeks and impaired her functionality. Because of the paralysis of the ciliary muscle, the curvature of the lens can no longer be adjusted to focus on nearby objects. Eye pain, changes in vision and swelling or redness in or around the eye are mentioned as possible visual side effects in the medication of duloxetine. The ocular and visual side effects from a patient's systemic medication can range from mild to severe. These side effects may or may not be serious enough to warrant discontinuing treatment. Cycloplegia seems as a rare adverse effect in antidepressant treatment and may take a long time to wash out. Recognition of ocular and visual side effects is important to prevent and minimize serious complications. In such visual disturbances, eye examination of the patient should be performed and the responsible drug should be discontinued as early as possible.

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Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Cited by 13 publications

References 126 publications

Pharmacological Mechanism of Topical Lodoxamide Treatment in Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: A Flow-Cytometric Study

Pharmacological Mechanism of Topical Lodoxamide Treatment in Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: A Flow-Cytometric Study

Ophthalmological Preparations

Reversible cycloplegia caused by duloxetine: a case report

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